摘要
【目的】探讨在有机肥基础上配施不同用量聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)对砾石土土壤改良与水肥保蓄的影响,为PAM应用于酿酒葡萄园土壤改良与产质提升提供理论与技术支撑。【方法】对常规施肥(化肥总量N、P2O5、K2O质量比为26∶10∶12)、单施有机肥6000 kg/hm^2、有机肥6000 kg/hm^2+PAM 300 kg/hm^2、有机肥6000 kg/hm^2+PAM600 kg/hm^2、有机肥6000 kg/hm^2+PAM 900 kg/hm^2、有机肥6000 kg/hm^2+PAM 1200 kg/hm^2等6个施肥模式下砾石土水稳性团聚体、含水率、土壤化学性质及酿酒葡萄产量和品质进行了比较分析。【结果】有机肥配施PAM可显著提高砾石土>2 mm水稳性团聚体量,显著降低<0.25 mm水稳性团聚体量,显著增加土体20~60 cm层次土壤含水率,不同处理以PAM 1200 kg/hm^2配施土壤贮水量最高;PAM施用量超过600 kg/hm^2时,可显著促进葡萄果穗长,进而显著提高葡萄产量,同比常规施肥产量增幅44.08%,模拟显示最高理论产量PAM最佳施用量为1161.23kg/hm^2;PAM施用量为900 kg/hm^2时具有显著提高葡萄可溶性固形物、还原糖量及总酚量,提升土壤有机质,保蓄土壤氮钾养分的作用。【结论】贺兰山东麓砾石土酿酒葡萄园PAM与有机肥最佳配施用量为900 kg/hm^2。
【Background】Poor soil structure and leaching of water and fertilizers are two abiotic factors facing construction of sustainable wine grape production in the gravelled soil in regions proximal to the eastern foot of Helan mountain,Ningxia.Amending the soil with conditioner could improve its structure.【Objective】This paper presents the results of an experimental study on efficacy of amending the soil with polyacrylamide(PAM)in improving structure of the gravelled soil and its ability to retain water and nutrients,as well as its consequence for yield and fruit quality of wine grapes.【Method】The experiment was conducted in a field vineyard.Fertilization in the experiment was the same-applying 6000 kg/hm^2 of organic fertilizer.Added to this were different PAM applications ranging from 0(CK)to 1200 kg/hm^2.In each treatment,we measured the change in water-stable aggregates,soil moisture content,chemical properties of the soil,as well as yield and quality of the wine grape.【Result】Combined application of PAM and organic fertilizer significantly increased the content of water-stable aggregates>2 mm at the expense of water-stable aggregates<0.25 mm,and soil water content in 20~60 cm soil layer.Of all treatments,PAM applied at 1200 kg/hm^2 increased soil water storage most.Applying PAM more than 600 kg/hm^2 boosted the growth of grape ears and increased the grape yield by 44.08%compared with the conventional fertilization without adding PAM.Analysis showed that in terms of improving yield,the optimal PAM application was 1161.23 kg/hm^2.Applying 900 kg/hm^2 of PAM did not only significantly increase the content of soluble solids and reduce the content of sugar and total phenols in the grapes,it also enhanced soil organic matter and increased the ability of soil to retain nitrogen and potassium nutrients.【Conclusion】When fertilization was 600 kg/hm^2 of organic fertilizer,the optimal PAM application for the gravelled soil in the eastern foot of the Helan Mountain was 900 kg/hm^2 to improve soil quality and increase grape yield.
作者
纪立东
李磊
司海丽
杨洋
JI Lidong;LI Lei;SI Haili;YANG Yang(Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Yinchuan 750002,China)
出处
《灌溉排水学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第12期7-15,共9页
Journal of Irrigation and Drainage
基金
宁夏自然科学基金项目(NZ16110)
宁夏农林科学院科技创新先导资金项目(NKYG-17-01)
宁夏农林科学院全产业链创新示范项目(YES-2016-06,YES-2016-09)
宁夏自治区重点研发计划项目(2017BN05)。
关键词
酿酒葡萄
砾石土
PAM
水稳性团聚体
水分贮量
产量
wine grape
gravelled soil
polyacrylamide amendment
water-stable aggregates
soil water storage
yield
作者简介
纪立东(1980-),男,宁夏中宁人。副研究员,主要从事水肥资源高效利用及废弃物资源化利用等研究。E-mail:jili521010@163.com。
