摘要
与其他类型的刺激相比,个体会优先注意食物相关刺激,即对食物刺激的注意偏向。对影响食物线索注意偏向个体因素研究的分析发现:(1)在状态因素中,饥饿以及与自我威胁有关的、唤起强度大的负性情绪对食物线索注意偏向有增强作用,这在注意加工的早期和晚期都有体现;(2)在特质因素中,行为研究发现,相比于体重正常个体和非限制性饮食者,超重/肥胖个体以及唤起节食目标的成功限制性饮食者没有更强的注意偏向,但是,ERP研究发现,在注意加工的早期阶段,就出现了特质因素对食物线索注意偏向的影响;(3)fMRI研究发现,对食物线索的注意过程伴随着脑岛、眶额叶皮层等与奖励相关的脑区及视觉注意网络的激活。未来研究需要:(1)从动态角度研究注意偏向,进一步提高测量的信度;(2)使用专门的范式探究个体因素影响注意偏向的神经机制;(3)严格分离不同状态因素;(4)对被试进行严谨筛选和划分,做好被试间的对比研究。
Compared with other types of stimuli,individuals preferentially pay attention to food-related stimuli,that is,the attentional bias towards food stimuli.Analysis of the individual factors that influence this attentional bias for food cues showed the following results:First,among the state factors,hunger and negative emotions related to self-threat with high intensity of arousal had an enhanced effect on attentional bias for food cues,which was reflected in early and late attention processing.Second,among the trait factors,the behavior study found that,compared with normal weight individuals and non-restriction dieters,overweight/obese individuals and successful restricted dieters who evoke dieting goals did not have a stronger attentional bias for food cues.However,the event-related potential study found that at the early stage of attention processing,the influence of trait factors on attentional bias for food cues appeared.Lastly,fMRI studies have found that attentional bias for food cues is accompanied by activation of reward-related brain regions such as the insula,orbitofrontal cortex,and visual attention networks.It is suggested that future research should be devoted to the following four aspects:(1)studying attentional bias from a dynamic perspective to further improve the reliability of measurement,(2)using specialized paradigms to explore the neural mechanism of individual factors affecting attentional bias,(3)distinguishing the different state factors to explore the attentional bias for food cues,and(4)the conducting of rigorous screening and classification of subjects to conduct comparative studies among them.
作者
李灵
侯晓旭
张亚
隋雪
LI Ling;HOU Xiaoxu;ZHANG Ya;SUI Xue(School of Psychology,Liaoning Normal University,Dalian 116029,China)
出处
《心理科学进展》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第12期2040-2051,共12页
Advances in Psychological Science
基金
教育部人文社会科学规划基金项目(19YJA190005)
国家自然科学基金面上项目(31971036)。
关键词
食物线索
注意偏向
神经机制
个体状态因素
个体特质因素
food cues
attentional bias
neural mechanism
individual status factor
individual trait factor
作者简介
通信作者:隋雪,E-mail:suixue88@163.com。
