摘要
为给一年三熟"春玉米‖春大豆/夏大豆"持续高产高效的生产目标提供理论和技术依据,采用"玉米—大豆"宽窄行种植模式,单因素随机区组设计,以大田施肥为对照(CK),缓释N肥一次性施450,300和150 kg·hm^-2 3个处理(T1~T3),通过农艺性状、产量和效益等指标对施肥体系进行评定。结果表明:施用缓释N肥,春大豆生育期推迟7 d,春大豆、夏大豆单株荚数和单株粒数增加,春玉米株高变矮,行粒数减少;春大豆单产显著提高20.81%~27.67%、春玉米减产0.79%~18.33%、夏大豆单产变化幅度为-1.80%~4.54%、总产量变化幅度为-8.11%~0.81%、总产值提高0.20%~2.10%、经济效益显著提高13.25%~14.15%。随缓释N肥施用量的减少,各作物生育期无变化,春大豆、夏大豆单株荚数、单株粒数增多,春玉米株高、穗长、穗行数、行粒数和千粒重降低;显著降低玉米单产和总产,但提高春大豆、夏大豆产量和综合经济效益。缓释N肥一次性施肥虽然不能使各作物同时增产,但是生态效益和经济效益得到提高。T1处理春玉米减产最少,为0.79%,差异不显著,玉米和大豆总产量增加,经济效益显著增加,该施肥方式可在广西推广应用。
In order to provide theoretical and technical basis for the sustainable high yield and efficiency production goal of ‘spring corn‖spring soybean/summer soybean’ of triple crops in one year, random block design with single factor of fertilizer were adopted under the ‘corn—soybean’ wide and narrow row planting mode in this field experiment. Taking the field fertilization as the control(CK), the slow-release N fertilizer was applied in three treatments(T1-T3) of 450, 300 and 150 kg·ha-1 at a time. Slow release N fertilizer and reduced N application were used to evaluate ‘spring corn‖spring soybean/summer soybean’ intercropping system through different quantitative indicators such as agronomy characters, yield and benefit. The results showed that, the application of slow-release N fertilizer the growth stage was delayed for 7 d, pods and seeds per plant increased of spring soybean. The plant height was shortened and the kernels per row decreased of spring maize. The yield of spring soybean increased significantly between 20.81% and 27.67%, the spring corn decreased between 0.79% and 18.33%, summer soybean ranged between-1.80% and 4.54%, the total yield ranged between-8.11% and 0.81%, the total output value increased between 0.20% and 2.10%, and the economic benefit significantly increased between 13.25% and 14.15%. As the N application gone down, there was no change in the growth stage of all crops. Pods and seeds per plant of spring and summer soybean increased.The plant height, ear length, row per ear, seeds per row and 1 000-grain weight of spring maize decreased. The yield of spring corn and total yield were significantly reduced, but the yield of spring soybean, summer soybean and comprehensive economic benefit were increased. Though the slow-release N fertilizer can not meet all goals of increasing yield, but the ecological benefit and economic benefit increased. The yield of spring corn was reduced by 0.79% in T1 treatment, with the least and no obvious reduction, and the total yield of soybean and corn increased and the economic benefit increased significantly, which could be popularized and applied in Guangxi.
作者
汤复跃
韦清源
陈文杰
郭小红
梁江
陈渊
TANG Fu-yue;WEI Qing-yuan;CHEN Wen-jie;GOU Xiao-hong;LIANG Jiang;CHEN Yuan(Cash Crops Research Institute,Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Nanning Comprehensive Station of Nation Soybean Industry Technology,Nanning 530007,China)
出处
《大豆科学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第5期734-741,共8页
Soybean Science
基金
现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-04-CES30)
广西重点研发计划(桂科AB16380097,桂科AB18221057)
广西农业科学院基本业务费项目(桂农科2020YM118)。
关键词
广西
玉米—大豆
间套作
缓释N肥
产量
效益
Guangxi
Mazie-soybean
Intercropping
Slow-release N fertilizer
Yield
Benefit
作者简介
第一作者:汤复跃(1984-),男,硕士,副研究员,主要从事大豆育种和栽培研究。E-mail:tfy0130@163.com;通讯作者:陈渊(1971-),男,硕士,研究员,主要从事大豆育种和栽培研究。E-mail:ChenyUan500@126.com。
