摘要
南瓜在世界范围内广泛栽培,具有重要的经济价值.学界普遍认为南瓜花器官为单性,研究发现南瓜不仅存在两性花,而且能发育成果实、形成种子产生后代,这一罕见现象未见有文献报道.形态上南瓜两性花为子房下位花,雄蕊完整、雌蕊残缺.开花后多数两性花脱落,少数能发育成无果腔的果实,极少数两性花果实有果腔和种子,种子饱满且可正常萌发,后代生长发育正常且存在一定比例的两性花植株,说明该性状具有可遗传性.成熟的两性花果实与雌花果实相比体积小,无蜡粉,感官和营养品质相当,具有一定商品性.南瓜两性花材料是稀缺的种质资源,是研究花器官性别决定的宝贵材料,也为培育南瓜自花授粉品种提供了可能.
Pumpkin(Cucurbita moschata D.)is widely cultivated worldwide and has important economic values.It is generally believed that pumpkin flower organs are unisexual.In this study,it was found that pumpkins have bisexual flowers which can develop into fruits with seeds and produce offspring.This rare phenomenon has not been reported previously.The pumpkin bisexual flowers show inferior ovary with complete stamens and incomplete pistil.After flowering,most bisexual flowers fall off,few of them can develop into fruit without cavity.Quite few of bisexual fruits can produce seeds which can germinate normally.The offspring grows and develops normally and shows a proportion of bisexual flower plants,indicating that this trait is heritable.The mature fruit developed from bisexual flower is small in size compared with the fruit of female flower,without wax powder,and has the same sensory and nutritional quality.As a scarce germplasm resource,pumpkin bisexual flower material is valuable to study the sex determination of flower organs,and also provides a possibility for breeding self-pollination varieties.
作者
陈学进
韩涛
化紫薇
姜立娜
周俊国
CHEN Xuejin;HAN Tao;HUA Ziwei;JIANG Lina;ZHOU Junguo(School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture,Henan Institute of Science and Technology,Xinxiang 453003,China;Henan Province Engineering Research Center of Horticultural Plant Resource Utilization and Germplasm Enhancement,Xinxiang 453003,China)
出处
《河南科技学院学报（自然科学版）》
2020年第5期22-25,30,共5页
Journal of Henan Institute of Science and Technology(Natural Science Edition)
基金
河南省自然科学基金项目(162300410110)。
关键词
南瓜
形态
两性花
果实品质
pumpkin
morphology
bisexual flower
fruit quality
作者简介
陈学进(1979-),男,陕西渭南人,博士,讲师.主要从事蔬菜分子遗传育种研究;通信作者:周俊国(1967-),男,河南内乡人,博士,教授,硕士生导师.主要从事蔬菜遗传育种研究.
