摘要
【目的】比较山核桃与大别山山核桃种仁一般营养成分、功能性成分、氨基酸、脂肪酸以及矿质元素含量的差异。【方法】对两种坚果种仁51种营养成分进行测定分析。【结果】山核桃与大别山山核桃种仁γ维生素E、单宁、角鲨烯、棕榈酸、Na和Zn含量存在极显著差异(p<0.01);脂肪、天冬氨酸、苏氨酸、甘氨酸、胱氨酸、缬氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、赖氨酸、硬脂酸、亚麻酸、K、Ca和Mg含量存在显著差异(p<0.05);其余营养成分无显著差异。【结论】山核桃种仁蛋白质、淀粉、α维生素E、氨基酸、多不饱和脂肪酸和矿质元素含量较高,单宁含量低;大别山山核桃种仁脂肪、可溶性糖、γ维生素E、总酚、角鲨烯和单不饱和脂肪酸含量较高,且变异丰富。
【Objective】Carya cathayensis is an important economic and oil crop.Its kernel is rich in protein,fat,fatty acid,minerals and other nutrients,and thus has a high nutritional value.The kernel of C.dabieshanensis has high oleic acid and linoleic acid and low palmitic acid.At present,there is no systematic analysis of nutritional components in the two species.This study aims to provide the basic information about the nutritional components in the kernels of the two species,which is important for cross breeding and nutritional quality evaluation.【Methods】In Hangzhou city,Zhejiang province and Lu’an city,Anhui province,the main producing areas of C.cathayensis and C.dabieshanensis,respectively,40 plants with strong growth were selected,and 5.0 kg fruit from each tree were sampled.The nut were dried and the shell was removed.The contents of general nutrients,functional components,amino acids,fatty acids and mineral elements in the kernels were determined and analyzed.Protein content was determined by spectrophotometry.Amino acid was determined with an amino acid analyzer.The contents of K,Ca,Na,Mg,Fe,Zn,Cu,Mn and B were determined with atomic absorption spectrophotometry.The content of fat was determined with the Soxhlet extractor method and fatty acids using the internal standard method.Tannin was quantified with spectrophotometry method.Starch and soluble sugars were determined by anthranone colorimetry.Squalene was determined with gas chromatography and vitamin E with high performance liquid chromatography.Data were expressed as X±SE(mean±standard error),and MS Excel 2016 software was used to draw the tables.Data analysis were performed using SPSS 25.0.【Results】(1)Fat content in C.dabieshanensis was significantly higher than in C.cathayensis(p<0.05),and there was no significant difference in the contents of protein,starch and soluble sugars.(2)The contents ofγvitamin E,tannin and squalene in C.dabieshanensis were extremely significantly higher than in C.cathayensis(p<0.01),and there was no significant difference in the contents ofαvitamin E and total phenols.(3)The contents of total amino acids,essential amino acids and delicious amino acids in C.cathayensis were extremely significant higher than those in C.dabieshanensis(p<0.01).Aspartic acid,threonine,glycine,cystine,valine,isoleucine,leucine and lysine were all significantly higher in C.cathayensis than in C.dabieshanensis(p<0.05),and there was no significant difference in serine,glutamic alanine,methionine,tyrosine,phenylalanine,histidine,arginine and proline.(4)Monounsaturated fatty acids in C.dabieshanensis were significantly higher than in C.cathayensis(p<0.05),while polyunsaturated fatty acids were the opposite,and there was no significant difference in total amount of unsaturated fatty acids and saturated fatty acids.Palmitic acid content in C.dabieshanensis was extremely significant higher than in C.cathayensis(p<0.01);the stearic acid and linolenic acid in C.cathayensis were significantly higher than in C.dabieshanensis(p<0.05),and there was no significant difference in arachidonic acid,palmitoleic acid,methyl cis-11-eicosenoate,oleic acid and linoleic acid.(5)The content of Zn in C.dabieshanensis was extremely significantly higher than in C.cathayensis(p<0.01),and the content of Na in C.cathayensis was significantly higher than in C.dabieshanensis(p<0.05).The contents of K,Ca and Mg were significantly higher in C.cathayensis(p<0.05),and there was no significant difference in Fe,Cu,Mn,P and B.【Conclusion】The contents of protein,starch,αvitamin E,amino acid,polyunsaturated fatty acid and mineral element were higher but the content of tannin was lower in C.cathayensis;the contents of fat,soluble sugars,γvitamin E,total phenol,squalene and monounsaturated fatty acid in C.dabieshanensis were higher with great variation.Therefore,C.dabieshanensis has a greater potential for breeding.
作者
王江铭
饶盈
郑永明
朱先富
黄坚钦
夏国华
WANG Jiangming;RAO Ying;ZHENG Yongming;ZHU Xianfu;HUANG Jianqin;XIA Guohua(Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University,Lin’an 311300,Zhejiang,China;Tianmushan Forest Farm of Lin’an District,Lin’an 311311,Zhejiang,China;Forestry Bureau of Lin’an Distinct,Lin’an 311300,Zhejiang,China;Jinzhai Fudong Ecologyl Agricultural Development Co.,Ltd.,Jinzhai 237341,Anhui,China)
出处
《果树学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第11期1694-1700,共7页
Journal of Fruit Science
基金
国家林业和草原局植物新品种测试指南(2016-LY-101)
浙江省科技厅科技援助项(2020C26007)
浙江省农业(果品)新品种选育重大科技专项(2016C02052-13)
安徽省科技厅长三角科技创新联合攻关专项(202004G01020005)。
关键词
山核桃
大别山山核桃
种仁
营养成分
Carya cathayensis
Carya dabieshanensis
Kernel
Nutrients
作者简介
王江铭,男,在读硕士研究生,研究方向:植物资源利用。Tel:13065580625,E-mail:497409327@qq.com;通信作者:夏国华,Tel:13516725263,E-mail:zjfc_ghxia@126.com。
