摘要
目的研究在不同负载情况下背包对学龄儿童的颈椎前倾姿态健康的影响,为指导儿童青少年形成健康的身体形态提供参考。方法分别选取4~6,7~9,10~12以及13~15岁的40名北京市学龄儿童分为4组进行试验,根据组别背负不同体重百分比的背包运动,运用Vicon红外高速运动捕捉系统采集空间坐标数据。结果在背负背包状态下,儿童肩部平衡、髋部平衡以及颈椎前倾角度均大于空载状态,各学段不同负载背包差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05);不同负荷背包对不同年龄段儿童肩部平衡的影响均有统计学意义(P值均<0.01)。随着年龄的增长,背包对儿童在步行状态下肩部平衡的影响逐渐减小,幼儿园[(0.15±0.35) rad]高于小学低龄[(0.07±0.01) rad]、小学高龄[(0.03±0.00) rad]和初中[(0.01±0.00) rad];而髋部平衡能力并没有随着年龄的增长呈现下降的趋势,初中[(0.10±0.11) rad]高于小学低龄[(0.10±0.06) rad]、幼儿园[(0.10±0.01) rad]和小学高龄[(0.10±0.00) rad];颈部姿态受影响程度以小学低-高龄为分界线,呈现下降趋势,幼儿园[(0.32±0.26) rad]高于初中[(0.24±0.12) rad],但颈部姿态受影响程度高于其他两项。结论通过改变儿童背包设计以保护儿童颈椎为儿童背包背负健康的首要目标。
Objective To investigate the effects of backpackloads on forward cervical spine posture of school-age children and to provide a reference for healthy body shape.Methods Forty children aged 4-6,7-9,10-12 and 13-15 years were selected and randomly assigned into four groups receiving different backpack loads.Vicon infrared was used the high-speed motion capture system collects spatial coordinate data.Results The results showed that the mean value and variance of shoulder balance,hip balance and cervical spine forward angle were all higher than that of no-load state,there are significant differences among different backpack loads( P<0.05).In addition,with the increase of age,the impact of backpack on the shoulder balance of children in walking state decreases gradually,Kindergarten[( 0.15±0.35) rad] was higher than the young age of primary school[( 0.07±0.01)rad],the advanced age of primary school[( 0.03±0.00) rad]and junior middle school[( 0.01±0.00) rad],while the hip balance ability does not show a decreasing trend with the increase of age,junior middle school[( 0.10±0.11) rad]was higher than the young age of primary schooll[( 0.10±0.06) rad],Kindergarten[( 0.10±0.01) rad] and the advanced age of primary school[( 0.10±0.00)rad].The impoct on neck posture depended on the young age of primary schooll and the advanced age of primary school,Kindergarten[( 0.32±0.26) rad] was higher than junior middle school [( 0.24±0.12) rad],showing a decreasing trend,but the affected degree of neck posture is obviously higher than the other two.Conclusion The primary goal of children’s backpack carrying health is to protect cervical vertebra by changing the design of children’s backpack.
作者
王佳
王洁
WANG Jia;WANG Jie(School of Management Engineering,Capital University of Economics and Business,Beijing 100070,China)
出处
《中国学校卫生》
CAS
北大核心
2020年第9期1365-1367,共3页
Chinese Journal of School Health
基金
中国标准化研究院院长基金项目(522019Y-6667)。
关键词
负重
肩
髋
颈椎
健康状况
生长和发育
儿童
Weight-beaving
Shoulder
Hip
Cervical vertebrae
Health status
Growth and development
Child
作者简介
王佳(1996-),女,甘肃天水人,在读硕士,主要研究方向为安全科学与工程、人因工程。
