摘要
针对传统表象训练要求受训者完成表象运动任务的盲目性和无差别性所带来的缺陷——无法体现运动成绩变化与运动表象强化的具体关系,认为运动表象训练方案设计应考虑运动任务的实际特征,选择有针对性的表象训练内容,不断强化运动员相应的运动表象能力,以提高运动成绩。据此结合国内外运动表象训练已有经验,提出基于某项运动任务(罚球)的有针对性的表象训练方案(专项表象训练)并付诸实践,包括确认运动表象训练内容、实施表象训练、控制表象训练过程和检验训练结果等4个阶段。结果显示:4次训练无法充分体现技术+整体表象训练与技术+专项表象训练的效果差异(效果量为0.1),但经过8次训练,2种训练方法对罚球成绩影响差异的效果量达到中等水平(0.52),对专项运动特殊认知表象(CS)影响差异的效果量较大(0.65),且技术+专项表象训练组形成了类似于优秀运动员的罚球表象特征。提示:专项表象训练对提高运动成绩的贡献更大。
Concerning the blindness brought about by the traditional imagery training program and the limitations owing to the non-differentiation which means it is hard to show the performance change and motor imagery training,it is held that motor imagery training program should focus on the practical features of motor tasks,select the targeted imagery training content and continuously strengthen the athletes’corresponding motor imagery capability,thus to promote their performance.Based on the practical experience of imagery training,the targeted imagery training program(specific imagery training)based on a certain motor task(free throw)includes four stages:confirming the motor imagery training content,practicing imagery training,controlling the imagery training and evaluating the training results.The experiment found that the 4 training sessions could not fully reflect the difference between skill+whole imagery training and skill+specific imagery training(0.1).On the other hand,however,the 8 training sessions witnessed the difference of the two training in which the result reached the medium level(0.52),with a bigger effect(0.65)of the difference of the impact on specific sport imagery function(CS).The group of skill+specific imagery training has formed the imagery characteristics of free throw similar to that of elite athletes.It can be seen that specific imagery training contributes more to increasing the motor performance.
作者
游茂林
刘良辉
樊荣
童靖然
YOU Maolin;LIU Lianghui;FAN Rong;TONG Jingran(School of Physical Education,China University of Geosciences(Wuhan),Wuhan 430074,Hubei,China)
出处
《上海体育学院学报》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第11期28-37,共10页
Journal of Shanghai University of Sport
关键词
专项表象训练
运动表象
运动项目
训练内容
篮球
罚球
specific imagery training
motor imagery
sport item
training content
basketball
free throw
作者简介
第一作者:游茂林(ORCID:0000-0003-1264-2476),男,湖北黄冈人,中国地质大学(武汉)副教授,博士,硕士生导师,Tel.:(027)67883185,E-mail:1842917416@qq.com。
