摘要
明初南北转运重建,导致国家经济地理格局发生巨变。以南京、北京为中心的国家漕运体系,转输往往需要经过河南、山东、直隶等区域的通道,在永乐十三年(1415年)京杭大运河恢复通航之前,绕道河南利用黄、卫转运的中原运道发挥了重要的作用。洪武二十四年(1391年)黄河决口后的大黄河,为中原运道的形成和利用创造了条件。而自永乐元年(1403年)起国家漕运正式开始绕道河南,利用中原运道转运北京成为了当时除海运之外最重要的漕粮北运方式。而运道上的陈州颍歧口跌坡、新乡八柳树则是中原运道的重要节点。中原运道在明初完成国家漕运使命后,明中后期又以贾鲁河、卫河等新的河道形式继续发挥着运输功能,客观上促进了正阳镇、周家口、朱仙镇、开封、新乡、道口镇等城镇的兴起与繁荣。
The reconstruction of North-South Transportation Situation in the early Ming Dynasty led to the great changes in Chinese Economic Geographic Configuration.In the national water transportation system with Nanjing and Beijing as the centers,water transport Channel often needed to pass through the Henan,Shandong,Zhili Province.Before the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal resumed transportation in 1415,the water transport channel of Central Plains through Henan,which used the Yellow River and the Wei River,played an important role.After the Yellow River burst in 1391,the Great Yellow River created conditions for the formation and utilization of the water transport channel of Central Plains.In 1403,the National water transport took a detour route from Henan to Beijing,which was the most important mode of transport for water transportation except the sea transportation at that time.The Yingqikou in Chenzhou and the Balushu in Xinxiang were important place on the water transport channel.With fulfilling its national mission,the water transport channel of Central Plains continued to play its transportation function in the new form of the Jialu River and the Wei River in Mid and Late Ming Dynasty,partly promoting the rise and prosperity of Zhengyang Town,Zhoujiakou Town,Zhuxian Town,Kaifeng City,Xinxiang City and Daokou Town.
出处
《中原文化研究》
2020年第5期122-128,共7页
The Central Plains Culture Research
基金
国家社会科学基金项目“泛滥黄河侵入开封城市过程的环境史研究”(15BZS024)
河南省高等学校青年骨干教师资助项目“黄泛平原古城城市形态演变历史研究”(2016GGJS-027)阶段性成果。
关键词
中原运道
颍歧口
大黄河
八柳村
Water transport channel of Central Plains
Yingqikou
The Great Yellow River
Baliushu
作者简介
吴朋飞,男,河南大学黄河文明与可持续发展研究中心副教授(河南开封475001),主要从事文化地理与遗产保护、历史地理信息化、黄河环境变迁研究。
