摘要
目的探讨初乳口腔护理对极/超低出生体重儿建立全肠道喂养过程的影响。方法选取在济宁医学院附属医院新生儿监护病房住院的62例极/超低出生体重儿,根据患儿入院顺序将患儿分为观察组和对照组各30例。对观察组实施初乳口腔护理,对照组使用0.9%氯化钠溶液进行口腔护理,擦拭方法及频次相同。观察2组患儿完全无胃潴留的时间、完全经口进奶时间、达到肠内喂养的时间(100 ml·kg^-1·d^-1)、达到足量肠内喂养时间(150 ml·kg^-1·d^-1),出院时的体质量、头围、身长,和相关感染并发症的发生率。结果观察组患儿出生第10天胃潴留发生次数为(1.90±1.30)次,显著低于对照组(2.77±1.50)次,2组比较差异有统计学意义(t值为-2.449,P<0.05);观察组患儿达到肠内喂养和足量肠内喂养的时间分别是(24.63±9.42)、(29.75±10.15)d,明显短于对照组的(33.90±2.73)、(35.13±9.29)d,2组比较差异有统计学意义(t值为-4.621、-2.362,P<0.01或0.05);观察组患儿出院时体质量为(2.19±0.18)kg,高于对照组的(2.10±0.12)kg,2组比较差异有统计学意义(t值为4.677,P<0.05)。结论初乳口腔护理可以减少极/超低出生体重儿发生胃潴留的次数,改善患儿喂养不耐受,缩短患儿达到全肠道喂养的时间,促进生长发育,但并不能证实可以降低相关感染并发症的发生率。
Objective To evaluate the effect of oropharyngeal colostrum administration on building adequate enteral feeding process of very low birth weight neonates and extremely low birth weight neonates.Methods A total of 62 very/extremely low birth weight neonates in NICU were selected from a tertiary hospital in shandong province.They were randomly assigned to the observation group(n=32)and the control group(n=30)according to the random number table.The observation group was given oropharyngeal colostrum administration.The control group was given oral care with 0.9%sodium chloride solution,and the wiping method and frequency was the same as the observation group.Gastric retention,enteral feeding time,adequate enteral feeding time,the weight at the time of discharge,etc.were compared between two groups.Results Gastric retention times on the 10th day in the observation group(1.90±1.30)was significantly lower than that in the control group(2.77±1.50),and the two groups were statistically significant(t value was-2.449,P<0.05).The duration of 100 ml·kg^-1·d^-1 enteral feeding and adequate enteral feeding(150 ml·kg^-1·d^-1)in the observation group[(24.63±9.42)days,(29.75±10.15)days]were significantly shorter than those in the control group[(33.90±2.73)days,(35.13±9.29)days],and the two groups were statistically significant(t value was-4.621,P<0.01;t value was-2.362,P<0.05).The weight of the observation group was higher than that in the control group at the time of discharge(t value was 4.677,P<0.05).Conclusion Oropharyngeal colostrum administration can reduce gastric retention times,shorten the adequate enteral feeding time,promote growth and development in very low birth weight neonate and extremely low birth weight neonate.But it had not been proved to reduce the incidence of related infection indicators.
作者
向美芹
赵希平
李玮桐
任雪云
江延秋
Xiang Meiqin;Zhao Xiping;Li Weitong;Ren Xueyun;Jiang Yanqiu(NICU,the Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical Univercity,Jining 272029,China)
出处
《中国实用护理杂志》
2020年第26期2039-2043,共5页
Chinese Journal of Practical Nursing
基金
2016年济宁市科技局立项课题 (济科字[2016]56号-116)。
关键词
初乳
口腔护理
极低出生体重儿
超低出生体重儿
肠内营养
Colostrum
Oropharyngeal colostrum administration
Very low birth weight neonate
Extremely low birth weight neonate
Enteral feeding
作者简介
通信作者:赵希平,Email:zhaoxp725@163.com,电话:18863766059。
