摘要
【目的】对2020年广东、广西、海南、福建、四川和云南等地区荔枝生产形势进行分析,为我国荔枝主产区制定生产、营销政策提供参考。【方法】基于国家荔枝龙眼产业技术体系所覆盖示范县的实地调查和数据收集,对我国荔枝品种、产地、成熟期及产量等进行分析和预测。【结果】2020年全国荔枝投产面积约54.03万ha,预计总产量255.35万t,其中广东128.80万t、广西82.32万t、海南20.61万t、福建13.51万t、云南7.61万t、四川2.50万t。体系示范县主要荔枝品种产量分别为:妃子笑54.39万t、黑叶52.98万t、怀枝18.10万t、桂味11.14万t、白糖罂10.30万t、白蜡7.70万t、鸡嘴荔6.42万t、糯米糍5.18万t。2020年我国荔枝产量预计比上年提高38.15%;5和6月荔枝成熟上市量预计占全年的90.76%,上市集中。大宗品种黑叶、怀枝和妃子笑丰产,成熟上市期在广东、广西和福建高度重叠,预计面临较大的鲜销和加工压力。优质品种桂味、糯米糍和鸡嘴荔在不同产区重叠度较高,但产量中等,预计销售受影响较小。广东与广西为中熟产区,荔枝产期高度重叠,且产量较高,销售压力较大。海南为早熟产区,福建和四川为晚熟产区,云南产期跨度最大但产量较低,4个省份销售形势较乐观。【建议】在生产管理上确保实现预期产量,营养品质和环境食品安全;进一步建设快捷、低成本和覆盖面更广的荔枝物流网络;生产与营销两手抓,扩大品牌影响力;加工业做好充分的产能准备,并大力开发更多元的加工产品或初产品,获取更高产值。
【Objective】Analysis was carried out on the production situation of litchi in Guangdong,Guangxi,Hainan,Fujian,Sichuan and Yunnan in 2020 to provide reference for production and marketing policy making in main litchi planting areas.【Method】Data including cultivar,origin,maturity time and production were collected and analyzed systematically through the field surveyand data collection from all demonstration counties covered by China Agriculture(Litchi and Longan)Research System.【Result】The plant area of litchi in China in 2020 was about 54.03×10^4 ha,and the total production of litchi was estimated 255.35×10^4 t,including 128.80×10^4 t in Guangdong,82.32×10^4 t in Guangxi,20.61×10^4 t in Hainan,13.51×10^4 t in Fujian,7.61×10^4 t in Yunnan and 2.50×10^4 t in Sichuan.The yields of main litchi cultivars in demonstration counties were:54.39×10^4 t(Feizixiao),52.98×10^4 t(Heiye),18.10×10^4 t(Huaizhi),11.14×10^4 t(Guiwei),10.30×10^4 t(Baitangying),7.70×10^4 t(Baila),6.42×10^4 t(Jizuili)and 5.18×10^4 t(Nuomici),respectively.The total production of Litchi in 2020 would increase by 38.15%than that in 2019.The mature amount of litchi in May and June was expected to be accounted for 90.76%production in the whole year.The major cultivars Heiye,Huaizhi and Feizixiao would achieve high yields.And the market period of these cultivars would be highly overlapping in Guangdong,Guangxi and Fujian,and was expected to face great pressure on fresh sales and processing.The high-quality cultivars Guiwei,Nuomichi and Jizuli would also have high degree of overlaps in different production areas,but their sale marketing was expected to be less affected due to their fairly medium output.Guangdong and Guangxi were middle-maturity producing areas,where the maturity periods of litchi in these areas were highly overlapped and the yields of litchi were high,and the sales pressure was great.Hainan was early-mlaturity area,Fujian and Sichuan were late-maturity area,and Yunnan had the largest maturity period but low yield.So the marketing in these four areas were promising.【Suggestion】Some suggestions have been made,including ensuring the expected yield,nutritional quality and environmental food safety,further construction of a quicker,lower-cost and wider coverage of litchi logistics network,managing both production and marketing,expanding brand influence,and increasing processing capacity and product variety.Meanwhile,the processing industry is fully prepared and developing diverse processed products and primary products to obtain higher output value.
作者
苏钻贤
杨胜男
陈厚彬
申济源
SU Zuan-xian;YANG Sheng-nan;CHEN Hou-bin;SHEN Ji-yuan(College of Horticulture,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,China)
出处
《南方农业学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第7期1598-1605,共8页
Journal of Southern Agriculture
基金
国家荔枝龙眼产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-32)
乡村振兴战略专项资金(农业科技能力提升)项目(403-2018-XMZC-0002-90)。
关键词
荔枝
产量
成熟期
生产形势
建议
litchi
production volume
maturity
situation
suggestion
作者简介
苏钻贤(1981-),主要从事荔枝等花果调控技术研究工作,E-mail:zuanxsu@scau.edu.cn;通讯作者:陈厚彬(1963-),研究员,主要从事荔枝等花果调控技术研究工作,E-mail:hbchen@scau.edu.cn。
