摘要
青铜是人类历史上最早的合金,它的发明掀开了金属冶铸史新的篇章。迄今为止投入使用的实用型合金体系已达30多种,其中具备低熔点、良好流动性等特殊性质的共晶合金是应用极为广泛的一种合金,比如钢(Fe-C)、Al-Si合金、Ag-Cu合金。高熵合金被称为最近几十年来在合金化理论方面取得的三大突破之一,从理论上来说,任意选取13种常见元素就能设计出7000多种高熵合金体系,因此,与以一种元素为主的传统合金相比,高熵合金的设计空间更大。同时,研究发现,与形成复杂金属间化合物的传统合金相比较,高熵合金能够形成单一面心立方、单一体心立方或者面心立方与体心立方共存的简单微观结构,因此高熵合金表现出高强度、高耐磨性、高耐腐蚀性等优异的性能,并且控制高熵合金的成分能够改变其特定性能,从而满足不同的设计需求。综上,高熵合金具有很大的研究价值和应用空间。在共晶合金和高熵合金基础上合成的共晶高熵合金兼具共晶合金与高熵合金的成分特点,其概念一经提出就引起了学者们的广泛关注,它的出现为合金的设计与制备提供了新的思路,与传统的高熵合金相比,共晶高熵合金具有超高强塑性、耐磨性能与耐腐蚀性能等,拥有极大的研究价值。迄今为止,多种新型的共晶高熵合金已经被成功制备,学者们对卢一平教授设计的第一种共晶高熵合金AlCoCrFeNi 2.1的生长机理、强化机制等进行了深入的研究与分析。本文简要阐述了共晶高熵合金的合成,对目前共晶高熵合金的一些成果进行了综述,主要从成分设计、制备方法、性能三个方面进行了介绍,并对其发展前景进行了展望。
As the earliest alloy in human history,the invention of bronze opened a new chapter in the history of metal smelting.There are more than 30 practical alloy systems that have been used for industrial sectors so far.Eutectic alloys,such as steel(Fe-C),Al-Si alloy,Ag-Cu alloy,have been widely used because of special properties such as low melting point and good fluidity.High entropy alloys are known as one of the three major breakthroughs in alloying theory in recent decades.Theoretically,more than 7000 high entropy alloy systems can be designed from 13 kinds of arbitrarily selected common elements.Compared with traditional alloys that based on one element,the design space of high entropy alloys are much larger.Moreover,it is found that high entropy alloys can form simple microstructures such as a simple face-centered cubic,single body-centered cubic or face-centered cubic and body-centered cubic while conventional alloys gene-rally form complex intermetallic compounds.Hence,high entropy alloys owe high strength,high wear resistance,high corrosion resistance and other excellent properties.Specific performance changes can be achieved by controlling the composition of high entropy alloys to meet different design needs,so high entropy alloys have great research value and application space.Eutectic high entropy alloys(EHEAs)have composition characteristics of eutectic alloys and high entropy alloys.EHEAs have gained extensive attention in recent years because of the super strength,plasticity,resistance to friction and corrosion.So far,a variety of new eutectic high entropy alloys have been successfully prepared.The scholars have carried out in-depth research on the growth mechanism and strengthening mechanism of the first eutectic high entropy alloy AlCoCrFeNi 2.1 designed by Professor Yiping Lu.EHEAs have gained extensive attention in recent years because of the super strength,plasticity,resistance to friction and corrosion.In this paper,the production of eutectic EHEAs is briefly described,and the achievements are reviewed.Moreover,the composition design,preparation method and studies about EHEAs properties are mainly introduced,and the prospects for their future development are discussed.
作者
黄思睿
伍昊
朱和国
HUANG Sirui;WU Hao;ZHU Heguo(College of Materials Science and Engineering,Nanjing University of Science and Technology,Nanjing 210094,China)
出处
《材料导报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第17期17077-17081,17088,共6页
Materials Reports
基金
国家自然科学基金(51571118,51371098)。
关键词
共晶高熵合金
成分设计
制备方法
性能
eutectic high entropy alloy
composition design
preparation method
property
作者简介
黄思睿,2019年6月毕业于南京农业大学,获得工学学士学位。现为南京理工大学材料科学与工程学院博士研究生,在朱和国教授的指导下进行研究。目前主要研究领域为高熵合金基复合材料;朱和国,东南大学博士,南京理工大学教授、博士研究生导师。主持国家自然基金面上项目、江苏省自然基金面上项目各两项,参加国防基础研究、国家自然基金等项目多项,发表期刊论文80余篇,其中以第一作者发表的论文被SCI收录28篇,二区以上12篇。授权专利6项。教育部自然科学二等奖1项(排名第4)。10余种外文期刊审稿人。出版独立专著《内生型铝基复合材料反应机制与力学性能》一部,国防工业出版社出版,28万字,2013;主持编著“十一五”国家级规划教材、“十二五”江苏省高校重点教材、兵工优秀教材《材料科学研究与测试方法》(第1版~第3版),东南大学出版社;编著“十三五”江苏省高校重点教材、兵工优秀教材《复合材料原理》(第1版、第2版),电子工业出版社。主讲中国大学MOOC网课程《材料研究方法》等,zhg1200@sina.com。
