摘要
理论上,生态环保政策对经济发展的影响是"促进作用"还是"抑制作用",取决于政策类型和力度、产业和企业行业特征、经济发展水平等条件性因素,从长期综合来看,严格的生态环保政策有利于促进和优化经济发展。本文通过对国内外研究进行梳理总结,从生态环保政策对经济发展的影响途径、传导机制、作用条件依赖等方面进行深层次分析解构,研究建立"生态环保政策—企业—产业—经济影响"为主线的逻辑关系链,分析识别生态环保政策影响经济发展的机理和关键因素,以期解释地方经济发展的现实困惑和关键所在,寻找生态环保政策发力点,优化政策制定与实施方式,探索生态优先、绿色发展为导向的高质量发展新路子。研究表明:生态环保政策主要影响企业的生产经营成本和技术创新,对企业影响的方向和程度主要取决于对政策影响的长短期预期、政策成本与技术创新收益对比、企业规模大小和企业性质等条件因素;生态环保政策与产业的升级、转型、转移、淘汰等密切相关,在产业发展不同阶段,环境规制强度对产业结构调整具有短期和长期不同的影响;生态环保政策标准要求或实际执行力度差异与自然地理区位、经济发展水平、市场化程度、地区开放程度等因素导致的区域环境规制强度差异,是引导污染密集型产业转移和产业空间布局变化的重要因素;生态环保政策通过产业结构调整和空间布局的变化对投资、企业生产、劳动者消费等产生影响从而显著影响就业人数和就业结构,改变技能劳动、非技能劳动的要素配置特征,并对地区和产业带来差异化影响;生态环保政策带来的产业结构调整和转移等变化,对贸易量和贸易结构都会产生重要影响。
Theoretically,the impact of ecological and environmental policy on economic development may be positive or negative,depending on the type and intensity of policy,characteristics of industry and enterprise,level of economic development,and other conditional factors.Based on literature review,we analyze the influence path,transmission mechanism,conditional determinants and other aspects of the impact of ecological and environmental policy on economic development,and establish the logical chain of"ecological and environmental policy–enterprise–industry-economic impact"to explore the mechanism and factors with respect to the impact of ecological and environmental policy on economic development,which will help to explain realistic confusion and key of local economic development and environmental protection,explore the critical point of ecological and environmental policy,optimize the policy making and implementation manners,and build a stronger foundation for the ecological priority and green development-oriented path towards high-quality development.The results are as the followings.(1)Ecological and environmental policy mainly affects the production and operation costs as well as technological innovation of enterprises,and the direction and degree of the impact on enterprises depends on their long-term and short-term expectations for the policy impact,comparison between policy costs and benefits from technological innovation,size and nature of enterprise and other conditional factors.(2)Ecological and environmental policy is closely related to the upgrading,transformation,transfer and phasing out of industry,and intensity of environmental regulation and adjustment of industrial structure show an U-shaped relationship;differences in geographical location,level of economic development,degree of marketization,regional openness and others result in the differences of the intensity of environmental regulation among regions,coupled with the differences in the standard requirements or actual implementation of ecological and environmental policy,causing the transfer of pollution-intensive industry and the adjustments in industrial spatial distribution.(3)Through industrial restructuring and adjustments in spatial distribution,ecological and environmental policy has a significant impact on the employment and its structure,changes the characteristics of factors allocation between skilled and unskilled labor,and brings about regional and industrial differentiation.(4)Industrial restructuring and industrial transfer brought about by ecological and environmental policy play an important role in the volume and structure of trade.
作者
黄德生
刘智超
张彬
冯雁
张莉
HUANG Desheng;LIU Zhichao;ZHANG Bin;FENG Yan;ZHANG li(Policy Research Center for Environment and Economy,Ministry of Ecology and Environment,Beijing 100029,China)
出处
《环境与可持续发展》
2020年第4期16-25,共10页
Environment and Sustainable Development
关键词
生态环保政策
产业
就业
国际贸易
经济发展
ecological and environmental policy
industry
employment
international trade
economic development
作者简介
黄德生,副研究员,博士,生态环境部环境与经济政策研究中心政策评估中心执行主任,研究方向为环境与经济政策;通讯作者:刘智超,助理研究员,博士,研究方向为环境与经济政策。
