摘要
以玉米淀粉和聚乙烯醇(PVA)为原料,碳酸氢钠和偶氮二甲酰胺(ADC)为发泡剂,甲醛为交联剂,采用烘培发泡法经缩醛化反应固化成型制备可生物降解复合发泡材料。探究了复合发泡材料的合成条件对材料性能的影响;考察了淀粉与PVA质量比、甲醛用量及发泡剂用量对材料的吸水倍率、回弹率以及密度的影响;测试了PVA醇解度、发泡剂种类对材料耐热性能及泡孔形态的影响;对比了PVA醇解度、不同发泡剂对材料的吸水率及性能的影响;探究了淀粉添加量对材料降解率的影响。结果表明,当m(玉米淀粉):m(PVA17-99)=1:1、甲醛质量分数为12%、发泡剂质量分数为1.5%时,所得材料的吸水率为3.84倍,样品密度为0.3307 g/cm^3,回弹率为100%,样品呈现空间网状结构,孔泡分布均匀致密;PVA 17-88与PVA 17-99相比吸水率更好;ADC与NaHCO3相比所制得的材料密度更小,耐热温度偏低;当m(玉米淀粉):m(PVA17-99)=1:1时,材料降解性能较好,失重率达到39%左右。
Using corn starch and polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)as raw materials,sodium bicarbonate and azodicarbonamide(ADC)as foaming agent respectively,and formaldehyde as a crosslinking agent,a biodegradable composite foam material is prepared by baking-foaming method and solidification through acetalization reaction.The effects of the synthetic conditions on material properties are explored,including:the effects of the ratio of starch to PVA,the adding amounts of formaldehyde and foaming agent on water absorption rate,rebound rate and density of the material;the effects of the degree of PVA alcoholysis,the types of foaming agent on the heat resistance and cell morphology of the material;the effects of the degree of PVA alcoholysis and different foaming agents on the water absorption and performance of the material;the influence of the adding amount of starch on the degradation rate of the material.The results show that the water absorption of the obtained material can reach 3.84 times when m(corn starch):m(PVA17-99)=1:1,the mass fraction of formaldehyde added is 12%,and the mass fraction of foaming agent is 1.5%.The sample has a density of 0.3307 g·cm^-3,a rebound rate of 100%,and shows a spatial network structure and an evenly and densely distributed vesicles.PVA 17-88 has better water absorption than PVA 17-99.The material prepared by using ADC as foaming agent has a lower density and a lower heat-resistant temperature than the material prepared by using NaHCO3 as foaming agent.The material has good degradation performance with a weight loss rate around 39%when m(corn starch):m(PVA17-99)=1:1.
作者
柳月
田景芝
郑永杰
LIU Yue;TIAN Jing-zhi;ZHENG Yong-jie(School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Qiqihar University,Qiqihar 161006,China)
出处
《现代化工》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第6期107-113,共7页
Modern Chemical Industry
基金
黑龙江省优势特色学科项目(YSTSXK201810)。
关键词
玉米淀粉
聚乙烯醇
发泡材料
corn starch
polyvinyl alcohol
foaming material
作者简介
柳月(1997-),女,硕士研究生,研究方向为环境材料的制备与应用,2694572193@qq.com;通讯联系人:田景芝(1964-),女,硕士,教授,硕士生导师,主要从事环境材料的制备与应用,tjz6666@163.com。
