摘要
中国特色社会主义政治经济学是解放、发展和保护生产力的系统性经济学说,与此相应,需要把财富作为基本经济范畴,并且把财富分析贯穿于中国特色社会主义政治经济学的始终,系统研究财富的生产、交换、分配和消费。马克思的经济学理论中既有价值论分析又有财富论分析,中国特色社会主义政治经济学中的财富理论可以从马克思的财富理论得到滋养,并且财富概念不只具有马克思的一般规定,还能反映新时代社会主义的本质特征。生产力水平的财富评价的重要意义是寻求发展生产力的动力,尤其是资本和科技对提高生产力水平的决定性作用。劳动是创造价值的唯一源泉,但不能孤立地创造财富,需要同其他要素结合起来创造财富,由此产生全要素生产率思想。财富创造是劳动、土地、资本、技术、管理等要素集合的过程。财富分配是在参与财富创造的要素所有者按照各自对财富创造的贡献进行分配,使各个要素所有者各尽其能,各得其所,实现各种创造财富的要素充分涌流。财富及财富分析既要系统揭示马克思主义政治经济学中包含的丰富的财富理论,又要反映习近平新时代中国特色社会主义经济思想,由此构建当代中国马克思主义政治经济学的理论体系。
Deepening the reform in China requires harnessing all the energy contained in work,knowledge,technology,management and capital and giving full play to all sources of social wealth.There is a need to clarify the significance ascribed to wealth as a basic category and for further study of the source of wealth in socialist political economy with Chinese characteristics.Enhancing social wealth is the goal of socialist political economy with Chinese characteristics,so promoting the full operation of the sources of wealth is its research task.The political economy of socialism with Chinese characteristics uses Marx's general definitions and reflects the essential characteristics of socialism with Chinese characteristics entering a new era.The basic requirement of a development outlook that puts people first is that it enhances the well-being of the people,promotes the well-rounded development of the individual and achieves common prosperity.Its basis is the growth of wealth,especially of public wealth.Wealth not only refers to the increase in the total social product but also to the accumulation of capital.Capital accumulation is a direct increase in social wealth and a foundation for promoting social wealth.The forms of wealth include material wealth,service wealth,spiritual wealth and ecological wealth.Measuring productivity in terms of wealth growth and accurately judging the effects of various factors of production on wealth growth can change the direction of development.Wealth is co-created by various factors,including labor.In the modern economy,the direct effect of labor has diminished significantly.Taking the time spent on labor as the measure of wealth shows that wealth itself is based on poverty.It is only by joining hands with the factors of capital,technology and management that labor increases its productivity.Labor is the only factor of value creation,but wealth creation arises from multiple factors of production.Wealth is co-created by labor,capital,land,knowledge,technology and management.As society advances and science and technology progress,factors other than labor play increasingly important roles in the creation of wealth and contribute directly to the promotion of productive forces.Marx did not use the concept of total factor productivity directly;instead,he put forward the concept of the productivity of factors such as labor,capital and land and introduced the basic idea of total factor productivity.The effects of three types of factors are indispensable for the efficient combination of factors in wealth creation through the increase of total factor productivity.The first effect is that of natural forces in wealth creation.The second is the effect of capital as the adhesive for factor combinations.The third effect is the role of management in the organization and allocation of various factors.The relationship of wealth possession describes how wealth is distributed among various factor owners in the form of property ownership.This theory solves the theoretical and practical problems of non-labor factors participating in the income distribution in a way that cannot be explained by value theory.Specifically,factor ownership is understood to be property ownership by different factor owners,such as the ownership of labor forces by laborers,the property rights of capital owners and the property rights of landowners.Wealth is distributed according to factor ownership.In the primary stage of socialism,the relationships between factor owners are not confrontational but consist of cooperation and coordination;wealth is distributed among the factor owners participating in wealth creation according to their contributions.Wealth enhancement requires the full involvement of the various factors of wealth creation,which demands the participation of the various factors of production in the income distribution so that each factor owner can give full play to his advantage and receive what he deserves.The distribution rate of various factors is not a matter of who exploits whom;it is built on the maxim that the bigger the contribution,the larger the share.This principle of fairness,that the factor s remuneration increases with its contribution according to the market evaluation,is consistent with the efficiency goal of resource allocation and with the efficiency principle of factor combinations.Due to the demands of problem orientation,the socialist political economy with Chinese characteristics that we construct is systematized economics focusing on the emancipation,development and protection of productive forces.One should treat wealth as the basic economic category,make sure that the analysis of wealth runs throughout socialist political economy with Chinese characteristics and systematically study the production,exchange,distribution and consumption of wealth.The construction of a wealth theory within socialist political economy with Chinese characteristics should simultaneously systematically excavate the wealth theories from Marxist political economy and reflect XI Jinping's economic thought on socialism with Chinese characteristics for a new era,as this will lead to a theoretical system of the Marxist political economy of contemporary China.
作者
洪银兴
HONG Yinxing(Nanjing University)
出处
《经济研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第5期21-30,共10页
Economic Research Journal
基金
国家社科基金重大研究专项项目“新时代中国特色经济学基本理论问题研究”(18VXK002)的阶段性成果。
关键词
习近平新时代中国特色社会主义经济思想
政治经济学
财富
XI Jinping's Economic Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era
Political Economy
Wealth
作者简介
洪银兴,南京大学,邮政编码:210093。
