摘要
北洋政府时期(1912-1928年)的农业教育以及农业改良活动,是该时期农业生产衰微社会背景的逻辑诉求,主要表现为农业生产工具简陋落后,农作物品种陈旧单一,种植管理方法因循守旧,生产力水平收成低下,农村经济社会残破不堪等。北洋政府时期农业教育的政策要旨包括建立较为完备的农业教育体系,规范农业教学管理以及实现教材本土化,成立专门农业研究机构,扩大农业教育对外交流,推行各种励农政策,兴办农会组织开展农业教育和农业改良等。北洋政府时期的农业教育对于推动中国近代农业转型起到了不可忽视的重要作用:促进了农业教育的较大发展,推动了农业技术的改良,改善了农村产业结构,促进了中国农业资本主义的发展进程,在一定程度上改善了农民的生活水平。北洋政府时期农业教育也存在着明显的历史局限性,即高等农业院校数量以及学生人数偏少,办学条件异常简陋,农业教育与农业建设各行其是。
The agricultural education and the agricultural improvement activities in the period of Beiyang Government(1912-1928)were the logical demands of the social background of the decline of agricultural production at that time,which were embodied in the five aspects of the simple and backward agricultural production tools,the obsolete and single crop varieties,the conservative planting management methods,the low level of productivity and the dilapidated rural economy and society,etc.The policy gist of agricultural education in the period of Beiyang Government includes:to establish a relatively complete agricultural education system;to standardize agricultural teaching management and realize the localization of teaching materials;to establish a special agricultural research institution;to expand the foreign exchange of agricultural education;to carry out various agricultural policies;to set up agricultural associations to carry out agricultural education and agricultural improvement,etc.The agricultural education during the period of Beiyang Government played an important role in promoting the transformation of modern agriculture in China,which embodied in that it promoted the greater development of agricultural education and the improvement of agricultural technology,improved the industrial structure of rural area,promoted the development of Agricultural Capitalism in China and improved the living standards of farmers to a certain extent.However,the historical limitations also exist:the number of agricultural colleges and universities and the number of students were relatively small;the school running conditions were extremely simple;the agricultural education and countryside construction went their own way.
作者
李永芳
周全霞
Li Yongfang;Zhou Quanxia(Guangdong University of Science and Technology,Dongguan 523083;Henan University of Science and Technology)
出处
《职业技术教育》
北大核心
2020年第12期69-75,共7页
Vocational and Technical Education
基金
2018年度教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目“北洋政府时期的励农政策与农会之兴”(l8YJA770005),主持人:李永芳
2019年国家社科基金重大项目“中国近代民众运动全史(1919-1949)”(19ZDA211),主持人:齐春风。
关键词
北洋政府
农业教育
逻辑诉求
政策要旨
历史作用
Beiyang Government
agricultural education
logical appeal
policy gist
historical function
作者简介
李永芳(1954-),男,广东科技学院马克思主义学院教授,历史学博士,学科带头人,河南师范大学历史文化学院硕士生导师,研究方向:中国近现代史(东莞,523083);周全霞(1969-),女,河南科技学院副教授,博士,研究方向:农业科技史。
