摘要
有机农业遵循自然规律和生态学原理,且遵照特定的农业生产原则,构建并维持持续稳定的农业生产体系,其兴起与不断完善将有助于促进生态农业向更高层次发展。与其他农业生产类型相比,有机农业具有生产高质量的有机产品、有效防控乡村环境污染、促进农业生产提质增效以及助力农民增收等方面的优势,且在场地、转换、隔离、资料、管理、土肥、防控、储运等方面有着独特的规范要求。目前中国有机农业发展已具备经验丰富、地域广阔、劳力优势等良好基础。未来有机农业生产将呈现三大发展趋势,即:逐步规范有序,发展速度加快;多元化发展,产品更加丰富;国内市场走向更加有序规范,消费群体不断壮大。但与此同时,中国要发展高质量有机农业也面临一系列挑战,如尚未得到规模化发展,供需尚未完全匹配,规范认证与实践操作脱节,技术创新研究滞后等等。显然,市场规范化是未来中国有机农业发展的前提和基础。应从政策支持、管理机制、技术创新三个层面分别采取具体有效措施,实现有机农业的高质量提升。
Following natural laws and ecological principles,organic agriculture builds and maintains a sustainable and stable agricultural production system in accordance with the specific principles of agricultural production.Its rise and continuous improvement will help promote the development of ecological agriculture to a higher level.Compared with other types of agricultural production,organic agriculture has the advantages of producing high-quality organic products,effectively preventing and controlling rural environmental pollution,promoting the quality and efficiency of agricultural production,and helping farmers increase their income.And it has unique standards and specifications in terms of site,conversion,isolation,materials,management,soil fertilizer,prevention and control,storage and transportation,etc.At present,China’s organic agriculture development has a good foundation with rich experience,vast territory,and labor advantages.There appear three major tendencies of the future organic agriculture production,namely,gradual and orderly standardization with accelerated development speed,diversified development with more abundant products,and more orderly and standardized domestic market with constantly growing consumer groups.But at the same time,China also faces a series of challenges to develop high-quality organic agriculture,such as large-scale development to be realized,supply and demand to be fully matched,standardization certification and practical operation to be connected,technological innovation research to be advanced,etc.Obviously,market standardization is the premise and foundation for the future development of China’s organic agriculture.It is necessary to take specific and effective measures from the three aspects of policy support,management mechanism and technological innovation to achieve high-quality improvement of organic agriculture.
作者
刘朋虎
赖瑞联
王义祥
Liu Penghu;Lai Ruilian;Wang Yixiang
出处
《鄱阳湖学刊》
2020年第2期97-105,127,128,共11页
Journal of Poyang Lake
基金
福建省农业科学院科技创新团队建设项目(STIT2017-3-8,STIT2017-3-9)
福建省菌草生态产业协同创新中心攻关项目(JCXTGG17)。
作者简介
刘朋虎,福建农林大学国家菌草工程技术研究中心副研究员(福建福州350002);赖瑞联,福建省农业科学院果树研究所研究实习员;通讯作者:王义祥,福建省农业科学院农业生态研究所研究员,福建省红壤山地农业生态过程重点实验室主任(福建福州350003)。
