摘要
分别选取国3~国5轻型汽油车9辆和重型柴油车15辆采用实验室底盘测功机和全流稀释定容采样系统(CVS)开展了汽柴油车尾气颗粒物排放因子实测和粒径分布比较,分析并比较了行驶工况和排放控制水平对汽柴油车尾气颗粒物排放因子和粒径分布的影响.结果表明,轻型汽油车和重型柴油车的颗粒数量单位燃料平均排放因子分别为(4.1±4.0)×10^14 kg^-1和(5.7±4.3)×10^15 kg^-1,重型柴油车颗粒数量排放因子是轻型汽油车的(14±7)倍.轻型汽油车超高速工况下颗粒物数量排放因子显著高于其他工况,颗粒数排放因子达到(5.1±5.0)×10^13 km^-1,分别是低速、中速和中速工况的11.7、 14.1和7.3倍,重型柴油车高速工况颗粒数排放因子分别是低速和中速工况的2.5倍和1.4倍,且增长的颗粒物主要为核模态颗粒.国3~国5排放控制水平下汽油车颗粒物数量排放因子分别为(2.7±1.7)×10^13、(2.6±1.3)×10^13和(1.6±1.2)×10^13 km^-1,重型柴油车颗粒物数量排放因子分别为(2.2±1.2)×10^15、 2.0×10^15和(7.1±2.1)×10^14 km^-1,随着排放控制水平的提升,轻型汽油车和重型柴油车颗粒数排放控制总体上均呈现较好地下降趋势,但柴油车排放粒径110nm以上颗粒物随排放标准的提升未有改善,虽然柴油车粒径110 nm以上的数量排放因子相对较低,但其对环境的危害不容忽视,应当引起必要的关注.
Particle size distribution and emission factors from 9 State 3-5 light-duty gasoline vehicles(LDGVs) and 15 State 3-5 heavy-duty diesel vehicles(HDDVs) were tested in this study using a constant volume sampling(CVS) system on a dynamometer. The influences of driving cycles and emission control level on the PM emission factors and particle size distribution were analyzed. The results show that the PM emission factors of the tested LDGVs and HDDVs were(4.1±4.0)×10^14 and(5.7±4.3)×10^15 kg^-1, respectively;the HDDV PM emission factor was(14±7) times less than that of LDGVs. Regarding LDGVs, the PM emission factor under the extra high speed condition was much more than that of the other speed conditions at(5.1±5.0)×10^13 km^-1, 11.7, 14.1, and 7.3 times more than that under the low, medium, and high speed conditions, respectively. Regarding HDDVs, the emission factor under the high speed condition was 2.5 and 1.4 times that under the low and medium speed conditions, respectively, and was mostly of nuclei-mode particles. At the emission control level of State 3-5, the PM emission factors of LDGVs were(2.7±1.7)×10^13,(2.6±1.3)×10^13, and(1.6±1.2)×10^13 km^-1, respectively, and those of HDDVs were(2.2±1.2)×10^15, 2.0×10^15, and(7.1±2.1)×10^14 km^-1, respectively. With improvement in emission control level, the particle number emission control of LDGVs and HDDVs generally showed a good downward trend. However, the emission of PM above 110 nm from LDGVs did not improve with the emission control level. Although the quantity emission factor of HDDVs with particle size above 110 nm is relatively low, its harm to the environment cannot be ignored, which should justify necessary attention.
作者
王瑞宁
胡磬遥
任洪娟
马冬
徐冲
赵玺乾
王孟昊
徐为标
安静宇
黄成
WANG Rui-ning;HU Qing-yao;REN Hong-juan;MA Dong;XU Chong;ZHAO Xi-qian;WANG Meng-hao;XU Wei-biao;AN Jing-yu;HUANG Cheng(School of Mechanical and Automobile Engineering,Shanghai University of Engineering Science,Shanghai 201620,China;State Environment Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of the Urban Air Complex,Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences,Shanghai 200233,China;State Environment Protection Key Laboratory of Vehicle Pollution Control and Simulation,Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012,China;School of Mechanical and Automobile Engineering,Jiangsu University,Zhenjiang 212013,China)
出处
《环境科学》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第3期1151-1157,共7页
Environmental Science
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC0212106)
国家自然科学基金项目(21777101)
上海市科委项目(18dz1203100)
上海市生态环境局项目(沪环科2019-01号)。
关键词
粒径分布
机动车排放
排放因子
底盘测功机
颗粒物污染
particle size distribution
vehicle emission
emission factors
dynamometer chassis
PM pollution
作者简介
王瑞宁(1994~),男,硕士,主要研究方向发动机排放控制,E-mail:ruining_w@163.com;通信作者:黄成,E-mail:huangc@saes.sh.cn。
