摘要
目的调查全国已开展和有意向开展流感疫苗接种公费项目地区的基本情况,分析流感公费项目实施的关键要点,为制订政策措施提供依据。方法通过定性访谈和线上调查,对2018年已开展流感公费项目地区以及拟在未来3年开展流感公费项目地区的疾病预防控制中心负责流感公费项目的业务骨干进行调查。采用SPSS 20.0软件进行统计分析。结果共调查11个已开展和54个有意向开展流感公费项目的地区疾控中心。在已开展流感公费项目地区,老年人是最主要的目标人群,其次是在校中小学生和医护人员。有意向开展流感公费项目地区,城市老龄化是影响项目开展进度的因素之一,其中"已与行政部门确认完毕,今年实施"的地区的老年人口比例(20.66%)高于其它地区(17.59%);此外,"与行政部门协调,获得行政部门支持"被认为是最主要实施瓶颈(81.48%);其次依次是"流感疫苗的管理和分配"(44.44%)、"公费人群流感疫苗的接种宣传"(33.33%)、"疫苗预防接种不良事件(adverse events following immumization,AEFI)的处理预案制定"(27.78%)和"社区卫生服务中心接种人员的培训和调配"(18.52%)。结论老年人是流感公费项目最主要的目标人群,而城市老龄化是影响项目进度的因素之一。疾控中心是流感公费项目发起的关键,对于有意向开展流感公费的地区,疾控机构应积极主动去倡导项目的发起,用专业能力去影响政府部门决策实施。
Objective To investigate the general situation of regions implemented or with the intent to implement the public expenses project for influenza vaccination in China,to analyze the key points of implementation of the project,and to provide a basis for policy making.Methods Qualitative interviews and online surveys were conducted among the backbones of the public expenses project for influenza vaccination in disease control and prevention centers(CDCs)of regions with the project implemented in 2018 and to be implemented within the next three years.SPSS 20.0 software was used for statistical analysis.Results A total of 11 regional CDCs with the project implemented and 54 regional CDCs with the intent to implement the project were investigated.Senior citizens were the main target population in the regions with the project implemented,followed by primary and secondary school students and medical staff.Urban aging was one of the factors affecting the progress of the project,and the proportion of elderly population was significantly higher in the regions with full confirmation of the administrative department and the project to be implemented within the same year than in other regions(20.66%vs.17.59%).In addition,coordinating with the administrative department and obtaining support(81.48%)were considered to be the main implementation bottleneck,followed by administration and allocation of influenza vaccine(44.44%),influenza vaccination campaign in the free-vaccination population(33.33%),making a disposal plan for adverse events following immunization(27.78%)and training and deployment of vaccinators in community health care service centers(18.52%).Conclusions The elderly are the main target group of the public expenses projectfor influenza vaccination,and urban aging is one of the factors affecting the progress of the project.CDCs are the key to the initiation of the project;and hence,as for the regions with the intent to implement the project,CDCs should take the initiative to advocate the project and use expertise to influence the decision-making of government departments.
作者
曾舸
郑建东
刘禾
罗垲炜
彭质斌
冯录召
高立冬
ZENG Ge;ZHENG Jian-dong;LIU He;LUO Kai-wei;PENG Zhi-bin;FENG Lu-zhao;GAO Li-dong(Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Changsha,Hunan 410005,China;Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 102206,China;Shenzhen Sanofi Pasteur Biological Products Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100020,China)
出处
《实用预防医学》
CAS
2020年第4期446-451,共6页
Practical Preventive Medicine
作者简介
曾舸(1984-),男,湖南郴州人,大学本科,主管医师,主要从事传染病预防控制工作;通信作者:高立冬,E-mail:810173358@qq.com;通信作者:冯录召,E-mail:fenglz@chinacdc.cn。
