摘要
如何提高养老保险基金可持续性和老年劳动者劳动参与率是积极应对人口老龄化的重要问题。文章使用Harmonized健康与退休追踪数据测算中美社会养老保险制度下劳动者的社会养老保险财富,以及累计值、峰值、期权价值3个退休激励指标,运用久期模型估计其对退休的影响,据此比较中美社会养老保险制度对提前退休的激励效应。研究结果显示,在中国,累计值和峰值对提前退休有显著正向影响且影响较大,而在美国,二者对提前退休的影响不显著;中美两国期权价值对提前退休均有显著正向影响,但对中国劳动者的提前退休影响更大,对美国劳动者提前退休影响较小,其中中国男性和女性提前退休激励程度分别是美国的2倍和2.5倍。文章建议,通过改革退休年龄结构和养老金支付结构,优化中国社会养老保险制度的激励机制。
How to improve the sustainability of social pension insurance fund and the labor participation rate of elderly workers is an important issue to actively respond to the population aging. The paper uses the Harmonized Pension and Health Tracking Data to analyze the social pension wealth and retirement incentive effects of the social pension systems in China and the United States. It uses the duration model to estimate the early retirement incentive effect of the social pension insurance system in two countries. The results show that the accrual and peak values of pension in China have significant impacts on retirement, while no significant impact is observed for the United States. The option value of pension has a significant impact on retirement in both those two countries. However, the option value has the greater impact on retirement in China than that in the United States. The incentive effect for Chinese men is twice that for American men, and the effect for Chinese women is 2.5 times that for American women. The paper suggests that we should optimize the incentive mechanism of China’s social pension insurance system by reforming the structure of retirement age and pension payment.
作者
李锐
官小容
Li Rui;Guan Xiaorong
出处
《中国人口科学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第1期16-28,126,共14页
Chinese Journal of Population Science
基金
全国统计科学研究项目“基于管理数据的‘全国统筹’转轨过程评估与优化研究”（编号：2018LY34）的阶段性成果
作者简介
李锐,中南财经政法大学公共管理学院,教授;官小容,中南财经政法大学公共管理学院,硕士研究生。
