摘要
西方政治学如何兴起,这对希腊政治思想史和政治学而言,都是一个重要问题。然而出人意料的是,学界虽然对希腊政治理论讨论充分,但对西方政治学作为一门学问如何兴起这一特定问题,似乎少有探讨。政治哲学家列奥·施特劳斯对这一问题进行过深入分析。他的结论是,苏格拉底的哲学和伦理学开创了西方政治学。然而,公元前5世纪希腊人对于政体问题的讨论表明,从公元前470年代开始,希腊知识群体广泛关注和参与政体讨论,提出了不同政体之优劣和最好政体的问题。公元前4世纪的政治哲学家柏拉图和亚里士多德延续了关于政体的讨论,同时又深受苏格拉底的影响,将政治伦理纳入思考范围,由此开创了西方政治学。以此看来,政体和政治伦理是西方政治学的两个核心问题。
Regarding the history of Greek political thought and political science,the question of how Western political science came into being is an important one.Unexpectedly,however,although scholars have amply discussed Greek political theories,there are few explorations of the emergence of Western political science as a discipline.The political philosopher Leo Strauss offered a thorough analysis of this question.He concluded that Socrates’philosophy and ethics initiated Western political science.Yet Greek people had been discussing matters concerning systems of government since 470 BC.Greek intellectuals paid extensive attention to and discussed systems of government.They debated the merits and drawbacks of different systems of government and the question of the ideal government.Plato and Aristotle,two political philosophers in the fourth century BC,carried on these discussions.Under the infl uence of Socrates,they also took political ethics into consideration and thus initiated Western political science.In this regard,systems of government and political ethics are two key issues in Western political science.
出处
《历史研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第1期174-190,M0007,M0008,共19页
Historical Research
作者简介
黄洋,复旦大学历史学系教授,上海200433。
