摘要
近年来,荔枝多酚因其具有抗氧化、抗癌、抗炎、抗真菌、抗糖尿病等药理和生物学作用而受到人们的广泛关注。目前国内外对荔枝多酚的研究主要是从荔枝多酚的资源鉴定、其主要功能活性以及特定的提取分离技术方面进行展开,尚未出现全面概述荔枝多酚的分类、提取和纯化方法的研究。笔者从黄酮类、酚酸类、单宁类以及木脂素类四方面综述荔枝多酚的分类情况,重点阐述荔枝多酚提取纯化技术的最新研究进展,同时针对多种方法的优点以及不足之处,提出荔枝多酚未来在提取纯化方面的研究挑战,旨在为荔枝多酚的开发利用提供有效依据。
Litchi is the fruit of an evergreen tree plant,which belongs to the Sapindaceae family.Litchi is grown in China,Sri Lanka,Thailand,Vietnam,Japan,India,Bangladesh,Pakistan,Nepal,Australia,Mexico and some southern Africa countries.China is a major producer of litchi,and its cultivation history can be traced back to 2000 BC.Found and used in traditional Chinese medicine for a long time,litchi’s pulp,kernel,pericarp and root have the medicinal value.According to the ancient records of traditional Chinese medicine,litchi not only has the effect of regulating Qi-flowing,activating blood circulation,nourishing heart and calming the mind,but also can be used to treat dizziness,chest tightness,chest pain,irritable flatulence,stomachache,nerve pain,hernia,testicular swelling,gallbladder fat,cough,bleeding,eczema,diarrhea and so on.Litchi is rich in carbohydrates and fibers,as well as a small amount of lipids and proteins.In addition,there are multi-micronutrients that are beneficial to health,including vitamins(B1,B2,B3,B6,C,E,K),carotenoids,minerals(potassium,copper,iron,magnesium,phosphorus,calcium,sodium,zinc,manganese and selenium),as well as polyphenols.Polyphenols are widely distributed secondary metabolites in the plant world.Polyphenols are named because they have multiple phenolic hydroxyl groups and they belong to natural active substances.The new progress of the role of phenols in anti-oxidation,anti-mutagenesis,scavenging free radicals and preventing cancer and other diseases,aroused a new upsurge in the research and utilization of plant polyphenols.Litchi plants are rich in polyphenols,which has aroused great interest among researchers.Their main characteristics are their o-diphenols structure,which has high oxidation.For a long time,litchi polyphenols have been recognized as a good anti-oxidant,which has a variety of potential beneficial biological activities to human body,such as anti-cancer,anti-inflammation,anti-fungal,anti-viral,anti-platelet,anti-coagulant,anti-diabetes,anti-oxidant and so on.The health effects of litchi fruits are associated with phenolics and flavonoids presented in the fruit which are well-known for beneficial antioxidant activities.Numerous studies carried out in litchi have shown that there are large amounts of phenols and flavonoids in the pericarp,seeds and pulp of litchi,which are potential sources of natural antioxidants.The main phenolic constituents of litchi leaf,pericarp,seeds and fruits are flavonoids,usually composed of heterocyclic ring(C)and two benzene rings(A and B),which are important secondary metabolites in plants.The common polyphenols are rutin;proanthocyanidins A1 and A2;procyanidins B4 and B2;phlorizin;luteolin;methyl shikimate;cinnamamide B1;(-)-pinocembrin 7-O-rutinoside;(-)-pinocembrin 7-O-neohesperidoside;butylated hydroxytoluene;3,4-dihydroxy benzoate;tamaritin 3-O-rutin;litchioside D;rhinocerol;kaempferol;kaempferol 3-O-α-rhamnoside;kaempferol 3-O-β-glucoside;kaempferol 3-O-b-glycoside;epicatechin gallate;quercetin 3-O-glucoside;kaempferol 3-O-glucoside;kaempferol-7-O-neohesperidoside;tamarixetin 3-O-rutinoside;gallic acid;protocatechuic acid;p-hydroxybenzoic acid;chlorogenic acid;caffeic acid;isolariciciresinol;taxifolin 4’-O-β-d-glucopyranoside;stigmasterol;pinocembrin-7-O-6-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-β-D-glucoside;m-benzene triazine.Therefore,using natural resources to extract litchi polyphenols and strengthen its function may be a better choice to explore new possible treatment options in the future for its strong potential value.However,the research on the resource identification of litchi polyphenols and the influence of its formation conditions is still immature.At the same time,due to the inherent limitations of various conventional extraction and purification methods,the development of a single standard method for effective and rapid separation of polyphenols from plant matrix is still a challenge,and there is no systematic study on the extraction and purification system of litchi polyphenols.In view of the above contents,with the intention to promote human health and to develop litchi fruit industry,this paper expounds the classification of litchi polyphenols,provides the latest information about the working principle,research progress,advantages and disadvantages of extraction and purification technology,and makes a good prospect for the future.
作者
蒋黎艳
罗思玲
周旭
蒋琼凤
邓胜国
JIANG Liyan;LUO Siling;ZHOU Xu;JIANG Qiongfeng;DENG Shengguo(College of Chemistry and Bio-engineering,Hunan University of Science and Engineering,Yongzhou 425199,Hunan,China)
出处
《果树学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第1期130-139,共10页
Journal of Fruit Science
基金
湖南省科技创新计划项目(“三区”科技人才)(S2017NCTPSQ0061)
永州市指导性科技计划项目(永科发[2015]10号-3)
湘南优势植物资源湖南省重点实验室开放基金项目(XNZW14C09)
关键词
荔枝
多酚
提取
纯化
Litchi
Polyphenols
Extraction
Purification
作者简介
蒋黎艳,女,硕士,研究方向食品安全与质量控制。Tel:0746-6381164,E-mail:lyj5423@163.com;通信作者:邓胜国,Tel:0746-6381164,E-mail:913481003@qq.com。
