摘要
在简政放权和政府职能转变的背景下,以行业协会为代表的企业间组织在公共政策制定和提供社会服务上的作用日益重要。本文从制度理论和交易成本理论视角考察了加入行业协会对民营企业技术创新的效应及其影响机制,并以2004—2012年五次全国民营企业抽样调查数据进行实证检验,实证研究发现:加入行业协会对民营企业技术创新投入强度和创新产出绩效均存在显著正向影响;行业协会影响民营企业技术创业的机制主要是通过增加民营企业外部融资,扩大企业市场活动空间范围以及增强对企业产权的法律保护三条路径实现;行业协会对民营企业技术创新的促进作用与制度环境密切相关,行业协会的推动作用在市场化程度较低的地区更大;相对于有政治关联的企业,行业协会的正向影响对没有政治关联的企业更为显著;企业家主导型行业协会和政府主导型行业协会都能够有效促进民营企业创新,且现阶段后者的作用更大。在推动创新驱动发展战略的背景下,应发挥行业协会在补充市场和政府力量的重要作用,推动企业技术创新和产业转型升级。
Business association plays an important role in shaping the relationships between firms,market,and government especially in developing countries.Under the background of the transformation of government functions in recent years,business association is becoming increasingly important in providing public good,social services,and public policy making in China.Theoretically,participatiing in business association can enhance private firms innovation ability in several ways.Institutional theory holds that social and political systems are important determinants of organizational management practice and have an important impact on corporate strategy and behavior.Joining associations can enhance the social legitimacy and public legitimacy of private enterprises,and help private enterprises obtain scarce resources needed for technological innovation,which helps to alleviate the financial constraints faced by private enterprises in technological innovation.Transaction cost theory holds that trade cost is the main obstacle to cross regional expansion and long distance transaction of enterprises.Business associations network can help private enterprises to overcome market constraints by extending the market scope of private enterprises.By holding trade fairs and exhibitions,assisting enterprises to cultivate brand and promote market,business association is effective to help member enterprises overcome trade barriers.Institutional Theory points out that people have strong opportunistic behavior and“free rider”motivation in collective action.Business association can also improve the external institutional environment of enterprises through their trade representative functions.On the one hand,as a third party governance mechanism,business association can constrain the opportunistic behaviors of enterprises in the industry through the mechanism of supervision and punishment,which consequently reduces the infringement of intellectual property rights in the industry.On the other hand,firms in business associations can improve their business environment through collective action mechanism.However,it is still not clear under the background of imperfect market supporting institutions in China,whether trade associations can effectively promote innovation ability of private enterprises as a supplementary mechanism for market system.Most of the existing studies are based on theoretical analysis and case studies,few studies use firm level micro data to test the impact of industry associations on enterprise technological innovation.This study attempts to fill the gap of the literature by examining whether and how business association affect Chinese private firms technological innovation using five waves of National wide Surveys of Private Enterprises from 2004 to 2012.Using R&D input as an indicator of technological innovation input,the number of intellectual property rights,the number of new products and the sales revenue of new products as the output indicators of technological innovation,the empirical result shows that joining in business associations has a significant and positive impact on the input intensity and output performance of technological innovation of private enterprises.The role of business associations in promoting technological innovation of private enterprises is closely related to the institutional environment,with the impact being greater in areas with a lower degree of marketization.Compared with politically related enterprises,the positive impact of business associations on non politically related enterprises is more significant.Both entrepreneur led business associations and government led business associations can effectively promote the innovation of private enterprises,and the latter plays a greater role at the current stage.The estimation results are still robust after using instrumental variable method and propensity score matching to deal with endogenous and sample selection problems.Study on micro mechanism confirms that trade associations can improve the financing access of private enterprises,expand the market scope of firms,and increase the confidence of private enterprises in the local judicial system.This research shows that under the background of promoting innovation driven development strategy,business associations can play an important role as an effective complementary mechanism of market and government in promoting technological innovation and industrial transformation and upgrading.
作者
杨进
张攀
YANG Jin;ZHANG Pan(School of Public Finance and Taxation,Southwestern University of Finance and Economics,Chengdu,Sichuan,611130,China;Business School,Sichuan University,Chengdu,Sichuan,610064,China)
出处
《经济管理》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第1期59-75,共17页
Business and Management Journal ( BMJ )
基金
国家自然科学基金青年项目“营商环境动态演变及对企业家精神与创新的影响研究”(71803157)
教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“营商环境变迁对企业家精神与创新的影响研究”(18YJC790196)
四川省社会科学重点研究基地——系统科学与企业发展研究中心一般项目“新常态下四川省民营企业创新能力演化规律与机制研究”(Xq18C02)
关键词
行业协会
技术创新
市场化水平
民营企业
business association
technological innovation
market institutions
private enterprises
作者简介
杨进,男,讲师,经济学博士,研究领域是营商环境与民营企业发展,电子邮箱:yangjin@swufe.edu.cn;通讯作者:张攀,女,助理研究员,管理学博士,研究领域是企业战略和消费经济,电子邮箱:zpzp_220@126.com。
