摘要
随着纳米科学与技术的进步,诸多纳米材料如纳米纤维素、碳纳米管、石墨烯纳米片和金属纳米线等逐渐进入人们的视野。基于特殊的纳米效应,纳米材料表现出常规宏观材料所不具有的物理或化学特性,在各个科学领域得到了飞速的发展。其中,以高性能纳米构筑基元如芳纶纳米纤维为主体的纳米材料是当下研究的热点之一。然而,芳纶纤维本身具有的高强高模、耐高温、高结晶度和耐腐蚀等特性为实现其纳米化制备带来了很大的困难。因此,寻找一种简易、快捷、有效的芳纶纳米纤维制备技术对实现芳纶纳米纤维功能化、高性能化及各科学领域交叉的多元化利用非常关键。目前,可用于制备芳纶纳米纤维的技术较少。根据不同的路径,分为自上而下和自下而上两种策略。其中,自上而下策略主要包括静电纺丝、旋转喷射纺丝、碱协同机械磨解和碱溶法四种;自下而上策略主要是指聚合分散法。其中,碱溶法不仅实现了芳纶纤维高效可控的纳米化制备,还较为完整地保留了芳纶纤维在结构与性能方面的优异性,成为当下应用最为广泛的芳纶纳米纤维制备技术。芳纶纳米纤维具备芳纶纤维优异的本体性能和高性能聚合物纳米纤维纳米效应的双重优势,成为一种新颖的纳米构筑基元,可有效解决芳纶纤维化学惰性高、反应活性低和界面复合效果不理想的难题,在复合增强、电池隔膜、吸附过滤、电气绝缘、柔性电极等领域具有广泛的应用前景。然而,芳纶纳米纤维的制备与应用也存在一定的问题:首先制备技术存在制备周期长、能耗高、纤维粗大和成膜强度低等问题;芳纶纳米纤维的应用研究依然处于实验室研究阶段,要实现真正的规模化、功能化与高性能化利用还有很长的路要走。本文重点阐述了芳纶纳米纤维的研究进展,分别对现阶段芳纶纳米纤维的制备技术进行了介绍,分析了近年来芳纶纳米纤维在各科学领域的应用现状,提出其发展所面临的主要问题并进行了展望,以期为实现芳纶纳米纤维的低能高效制备以及高值化利用提供参考。
With the advancement of nanoscience and technology,various nanomaterials like nanocellulose,carbon nanotube,graphene nanosheet and metal nanorod are gradually coming into people’s view.Based on the special nanometer effect,nanomaterials exhibit physical or chemical properties those conventional macroscopical materials do not have,which have been developed rapidly in the various fields of science.Among them,high-performance nanoscale building blocks such as aramid nanofibers(ANFs)are one of the research hotspots.However,it is quite difficult to achieve the nanoscale preparation of aramid fibers due to their characteristics like high strength and modulus,high crystallinity and excellent corrosion resistance.Therefore,it really remains an urgent need to seek for a simple,quick and effective ANFs preparation technique to achieve the functionalization,high-performance and multipurpose utilization of the intersection of various scientific fields of ANFs.At present,there are just a few available techniques to prepare ANFs,which can be mainly divided into top-to-bottom and bottom-to-top two strategies.The top-to-bottom strategy refers to the electrospinning,rotary jet-spinning,mechanical disintegration synergized by alkaline and alkaline dissolution,whilst the bottom-to-top strategy points to the polymerization assisted by dispersion.Among these ANFs preparation techniques,alkaline dissolution is the most widely used one which has not only achieved the efficient and controllable preparation of ANFs,but also has better retained the advantages of aramid fibers in terms of structure and performance.Combined with the dual advantages of excellent performances of aramid fiber and special nanoscale effects of nanofiber,ANFs can effectively solve the problems of high chemical inertness,low reactive activity and poor interfacial adhesion of aramid fibers as a novel nanoscale building block.This makes ANFs display promising prospects in composite reinforcement,battery separator,adsorption filtration,electrical insulation and flexible electrode fields.Nevertheless,some problems also exist in the preparation and application of ANFs:first,ANFs preparation techniques still has the difficulty in their long preparation period,high energy consumption,large fiber size and low film forming strength;the application studies of ANFs are still in the laboratory research stage,and there is still a long distance to achieve their real scale,functionalization and utilization of high-performance.This review focuses on the research progress of ANFs.Firstly,the preparation techniques of ANFs are introduced.Then the applications of ANFs in various fields are analyzed,and we present the main problems that ANFs are facing and some prospects are given.The purpose of this work is to offer a reference for the low energy consumption but high efficiency preparation and high-value utilization of ANFs.
作者
张美云
罗晶晶
杨斌
刘国栋
宋顺喜
ZHANG Meiyun;LUO Jingjing;YANG Bin;LIU Guodong;SONG Shunxi(National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education,College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering,Shaanxi University of Science&Technology,Xi’an 710021,China)
出处
《材料导报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第5期158-166,共9页
Materials Reports
基金
国家重点研发计划(2017YFB0308300)
陕西省重点科技创新团队(2017KCT-02)
纤维材料改性国家重点实验室开放课题(LK1601)
轻化工程国家级实验教学示范中心(陕西科技大学)开放课题(2018QGSJ02-12)~~
作者简介
张美云,博士研究生导师,入选国家“万人计划”领军人才,是全国优秀科技工作者、教育部首批“全国黄大年式教师团队”负责人。目前主要从事高性能纤维纸基功能材料研究,主持国家重点研发计划、863项目等国家级项目20余项,获国家科技进步奖二等奖2项、省部级科学技术奖一等奖4项,授权国家发明专利56项,出版专著6部,发表论文490余篇;罗晶晶,2016年6月毕业于陕西科技大学,获得工学学士学位。现为陕西科技大学轻工科学与工程学院硕士研究生,在张美云老师和杨斌老师的指导下进行研究。目前主要研究领域为芳纶纳米纤维的制备及其应用,These authors contributed equally to this work;杨斌,2013年6月毕业于陕西科技大学,获得轻工技术与工程硕士学位,毕业后留校工作,是张美云教授带领的高性能纸基功能材料团队核心骨干成员。主要从事高性能纸基功能材料和先进纤维基功能材料研究。目前正在西北工业大学材料学专业在职攻读博士学位,师从张秋禹教授。研究成果获国家科技进步二等奖1项、教育部技术发明一等奖1项,在ACS Nano,ACS Sustain.Chem.Eng.,Compos.Part B-Eng.等期刊发表SCI收录论文10篇,参编教材1部,授权发明专利5项,lxyangbin@126.com。
