摘要
对北京九龙山自然保护区野生欧李营养成分进行分析,为其开发和利用提供科学依据。采用原子吸收光谱法、气相色谱-质谱联用法(gas chromatography-mass spectrometer,GC-MS)法等分析欧李不同器官(根系、枝条、叶片、果肉和果仁)的多糖、蛋白质、Ca、Fe、Zn、Se含量及脂肪酸、氨基酸组成,并采用国际通用标准对其蛋白质营养价值进行评价。结果表明:欧李5种营养器官中,根系粗多糖含量为7.39%,显著高于其它器官。叶片中钙和铁含量丰富,钙含量(28.62 g/kg)是果肉和果仁中钙含量的13.09倍~18.49倍,铁含量(169.51 mg/kg)是果肉和果仁中铁含量的9.28倍~10.09倍。依据通用标准,叶片和枝条均达到优质蛋白源标准。欧李果仁中油脂含量丰富,其中油酸和亚油酸含量分别为25.40%和12.52%,不饱和脂肪酸总含量超过90%,并且果仁中锌、硒、必需氨基酸、总氨基酸含量均显著高于其它器官。由此可知,九龙山野生欧李叶片、枝条钙和铁含量很高,且为优质蛋白源;果仁富含不饱和必需脂肪酸和硒等营养,油脂价值较高;果肉可食用,根系具有潜在药用价值。
The nutritional ingredients of wild Cerasus humilis grown in Beijing Jiulongshan nature preserce were analyzed in order to provide theoretical basis for its utilization. The main nutritional components such as polysaccharide,protein,Ca,Fe,Zn,Se,fatty acid and amino acid composition were analyzed using the atomic absorption spectrometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometer(GC-MS)etc. The international general evaluation criteria were used to evaluate the nutritional value of protein. The results showed that the crude polysaccharide in the root was higher than those in other four organs. The Ca content in the leaves was28.62 g/kg,which was 18.49 times and 13.09 times than that in the pulp or nuts,respectively. The Fe content in the leaves was 169.51 mg/kg,which was 9.28 times and 10.09 times than that in the pulp or nuts,respectively. Cerasus humilis nuts were rich in oil with high amount of oleic acid(25.40 %)and linoleic acid(12.52 %). The total content of unsaturated fatty acids was more than 90 %. According to the general standard,both leaves and branches meet the standard of good protein source. Moreover,the contents of Zn,Se and essential amino acids and total amino acids in nuts were significantly higher than those in other organs. The results indicated that the content of Ca and Fe in leaves and branches of wild Cerasus humilis in Jiulongshan was very high and it was a high quality protein source. Cerasus humilis nuts were rich in oil with high values. The pulp wais edible and the root system had potential medicinal value.
作者
马庆华
余海
李恩杰
褚阳
戴新陆
张永安
MA Qing-hua;YU Hai;LI En-jie;CHU Yang;DAI Xin-lu;ZHANG Yong-an(Experimental Center of North Forestry,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Beijing 102300,China)
出处
《食品研究与开发》
CAS
北大核心
2019年第23期179-184,共6页
Food Research and Development
基金
中国林业科学研究院基本科研业务费面上项目(CAFYBB2017MA017)
中国林业科学研究院基本科研业务费专项资金重点项目(CAFYBB2017ZC006)
国家自然科学基金项目(31700559)
关键词
野生欧李
矿质营养
多糖
脂肪酸
氨基酸组成
wild Cerasus humilis
mineral nutrients
polysaccharide
fatty acid
amino acid composition
作者简介
马庆华(1979—),女(汉),博士,研究方向:特色植物和菌类的营养价值及药用价值;通信作者:张永安(1959—),男,研究员,博士,研究方向:森林保护和森林资源开发。
