摘要
目的了解济宁市城乡居民主要慢性病死亡状况及变化趋势,为今后慢性病防治工作提供参考依据。方法使用由《人口死亡信息登记管理系统》报告的死亡病例,通过整理、审核、修订保留下来的卡片,按照国际疾病分类标准(ICD-10),采用Excel 2010、SAS 9.3、SPSS 20.0对2013-2018年济宁市居民死亡资料进行统计分析,利用寿命表法计算30~69岁人群中因4类疾病死亡的风险,分析4类重点慢性病的死亡率、标化死亡率、早死概率及其变化趋势。结果 2013-2018年4类主要慢性病死亡占总死亡的85.04%,粗死亡率呈逐年上升趋势,标化死亡率呈先下降后上升趋势。恶性肿瘤患者早死构成比最高,其次为糖尿病,慢性呼吸系统疾病的患者早死构成比最低。4类慢性病早死概率均呈缓慢下降趋势,且女性的下降幅度快于男性。心脑血管疾病和肿瘤的早死概率远高于慢性呼吸系统疾病和糖尿病。女性心脑血管疾病、肿瘤和慢性呼吸系统疾病早死概率明显低于男性。结论以心脑血管病、恶性肿瘤、糖尿病和慢性呼吸系统疾病为主的4类慢性病引起的死亡已成为影响济宁市城乡居民死亡的主要原因。降低慢性病过早死亡是预防与控制慢性病的主要目标和防治效果检测指标,降低过早死亡率应从慢性病的主要危险因素着手,改善超重或肥胖的身体状况,改变不健康的饮食、身体活动不足、吸烟、过度饮酒等不良生活方式,推动医疗服务模式以治病为中心向以健康为中心转变。
Objective To understand the death status and trends of major chronic diseases in urban and rural residents in Jining City, and to provide guidance for the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases in the future. Methods Deaths reported by the "Death-information Registration Management System" were used in this study. After organizing, reviewing and revising, the proper case cards were selected. Statistical analysis of death data of residents in Jining City during 2013-2018 was conducted according to the International Disease Classification Standard(ICD-10), using Excel 2010, SAS9.3, and SPSS 20.0. Life table method was used to calculate the risk of death from four types of diseases in the population aged 30 to 69 years, and the mortality rate, standardized mortality rate, early death probability and the change trends were also analyzed. Results During 2013-2018, the deaths of 4 major chronic diseases among urban and rural residents in Jining City accounted for 85.40% of the total deaths. The crude death rate showed an upward trend year by year, and the standardized mortality rate decreased first and then increased. Patients with malignant tumors had the highest early death rate, followed by diabetes, and patients with chronic respiratory diseases had the lowest early death rate. The premature death rate of all four types of chronic diseases showed a slow decline, and the decline rate of women was faster than that of men. The premature death rate of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and tumors was much higher than that of chronic respiratory diseases and diabetes. The risk of premature death in women with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, tumors and chronic respiratory diseases was significantly lower than that in men. Conclusion The four types of chronic diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, cerebrovascular diseases, malignant tumors, diabetes and chronic respiratory diseases, have become the main causes of death and health related problems in urban and rural residents in Jining City. Reducing premature death of chronic diseases is the main target for prevention and control of chronic diseases and testing indicators of prevention and treatment effects. Reducing premature mortality should be controlled from the main risk factors of chronic diseases, through strengthening physical exercise, changing unhealthy diet, and stopping smoking and excessive drinking and other unhealthy lifestyles, that we can promote the transformation of the medical service model from one centered on treating disease to one centered on health.
作者
王梅
渠慎稳
杨聪玲
许文青
尹晓彤
段伟
WANG Mei;QU Shenwen;YANG Congling;XYU Wenqing;XIN Xiaotong;DUAN Wei(Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Jining City,Jining,Shandong 272000,China)
出处
《公共卫生与预防医学》
2019年第6期29-32,共4页
Journal of Public Health and Preventive Medicine
关键词
主要慢性病
死亡率
早死概率
Major chronic diseases
Mortality
Early death probability
作者简介
第一作者:王梅,本科,主管医师,主要研究方向:慢性病预防与控制;通信作者:段伟,副主任医师,Email:dw117@126.com。
