摘要
"教化"是儒家政治理念和实践的核心,其中包括面向庶民的教化。王学有不同形式的庶民教化实践探索,其中,以王阳明的《南赣乡约》为代表的庶民教化是通过乡村社区组织化的形式向底层民众布教,贯彻的是自上而下的言教方式;以泰州王学为代表的庶民讲学,则是基于"圣愚无间"的平等观,通过扩大原本仅限于士人精英的讲学活动,让庶民自觉其道德;以黄宗羲的《明夷待访录》为代表的则是以国家的行政手段,通过"学校"制度对庶民教化内容进行严格的管控。它们代表了王学解决政治哲学中庶民教化的问题所寻求的三种不同方式,但都无可避免地陷入困境之中。
Jiaohua(Paideia),the most important part of traditional Confucian political ideas and practices,had to face the problem of the education of the plebeians. Wang Yang-ming’s followers had tried various approaches of civilizing the plebeian people. Among these approaches,the first one represented by Wang Yang-ming’s Nangan Xiangyue(A Covenant of the Southern Jiangxi Countryside) was intended to teach the grassroots through the form of rural community organization with top-to-down method. Taizhou School,as the representative of the second approach based on the idea of equality("no difference between Sages and ignoramus"),aimed to give lectures to the plebeians. They expanded the lecturing activities(jiangxue),which had been strictly limited to elite scholars before,so that the plebeian people could also be awake with their own moral feelings. Represented by Huang Zongxi’s Mingyi Daifanglu(Waiting for the Dawn: A Plan for the Prince),the third approach was intended to get the plebeians strictly controlled by the administrative means of the state through the "school"system. In the three representative ways Wang Yang-ming ’s followers sought to solve in the field of political philosophy the problem of civilizing the plebeians,but all of them were inevitably trapped in troubles.
出处
《中国研究》
2019年第2期195-206,231,共13页
China Studies
基金
国家社科基金青年项目“理学的早期西传及其影响研究”(18CZX037)的阶段性成果
关键词
王学
庶民教化
泰州学派
Wang Yang-ming s Doctrines
paideia of plebeians
Taizhou School
作者简介
王格,中山大学哲学系副研究员(wangge@pku.edu.cn)。
