摘要
为减小旋耕刀切土扭矩来降低旋耕机功耗,同时提高旋耕机耕作质量,该文分析了鼹鼠前肢手掌多趾组合结构和趾尖轮廓曲线特征,利用二次高斯方程拟合五个趾尖轮廓曲线(R^2>0.95和SSE<0.05),并基于拟合曲线,设计了具有鼹鼠多趾结构特征的仿生旋耕刀。通过田间试验,分析传统型和仿生型旋耕刀在不同机组前进速度、转速和耕深条件下的整机功耗、土壤破碎率和沟底压实情况,得到仿生结构特征对整机田间耕作性能的影响。结果表明,当前进速度从1 km/h增加到5 km/h时,仿生型旋耕刀的整机功耗平均减小16.88%;当转速从254 r/min增加到267 r/min时,仿生型旋耕刀的整机功耗平均减小17.00%;当耕深从80 mm增加到160 mm时,仿生型旋耕刀的整机功耗平均减小21.80%。传统型旋耕刀耕后的沟底有压实现象,且沟脊高而宽,耕作效果不佳;而仿生型旋耕刀可以显著地降低耕后沟底被压实的风险,沟底平整,可进一步减小耕作功耗。2种类型旋耕刀在不同耕作条件下的整机土壤破碎率耕深稳定性、耕宽稳定性、耕后地表植被覆盖率、耕后地表平整度和土壤蓬松度在数值上相差不大,且均满足国标要求。研究结果对实现旋耕刀减阻降耗和改善耕作质量具有一定的启发。
Rotary cultivator is a primary cultivating machine in many countries.It can efficiently complete the operations of soil mixing,turning,pulverizing,puddling and leveling,and thereby create good seedbeds for crop growing,while it is always challenged by the large power requirement.Therefore,it is urgent to need some methods to solve these problems.The proper optimization of rotary tillage blade geometry could help to reduce the power requirement and improve the tillage quality.Mole rats have the outstanding digging performance,and their multi-claw combination and the contour curves of claw tips would inspire the development of new efficient rotary tillage blade.By the observation and measurement,it was found that multi-claw combination was a kind of combined narrow tooth structure,and quadratic gauss equation could accurately fit the contour curves of the five claw tips(R^2>0.95 and SSE<0.05).Based on these characteristics of the multi-claw combination and the contour curves of claw tips of mole rats,the bionic rotary tillage blade was designed for reducing the tilth torque and power.And the field test was conducted at different forward velocities,rotary speeds and tillage depths for obtaining the power and tillage quality of the bionic rotary tillage blade.The conventional blade was as the control group for comparing the results with the bionic blade.Results showed that on average,the power of the bionic rotary blade cultivator was reduced by 16.88%when the forward velocity increased from 1 km/h to 5 km/h,and the power of the bionic rotary blade cultivator was decreased by 17.00%with the rotary speed increasing from 254 r/min to 267 r/min,then the power of the bionic rotary blade cultivator was diminished by 21.80%with tillage depth increasing from 80 mm to 160 mm.Especially,the bionic rotary cultivator could significantly reduce the risk of smearing on the furrow bottom,form a flat furrow bottom and achieve a lower power requirement result.On the contrary,the conventional blade had a little poor tillage quality.All of these were due to the better penetration and sliding cutting performances of the claw tips and the smaller soil failure wedge produced by the multi-claw combination.Moreover,the field tillage performance of the bionic rotary blade cultivator including ratio of soil breakage the depth stability,stability of tillage width,vegetation coverage,soil surface flatness after tillage and soil looseness,had no big differences with those of the conventional blade,and all these met the requirements of the national standard of China.In sum,the bionic geometries had an important role on the torque and power reduction of rotary tillage blades;further,they also could improve the tillage performance.
作者
杨玉婉
佟金
马云海
蒋啸虎
李金光
Yang Yuwan;Tong Jin;Ma Yunhai;Jiang Xiaohu;Li Jinguang(College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,China;Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering,Ministry of Education,Jilin University,Changchun 130025,China;College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering,Jilin University,Changchun 130025,China)
出处
《农业工程学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第19期37-45,共9页
Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(51505184)
国家重点研发计划目项(2017YFD0701103)
中国博士后面上项目(801161040414)
高等学校学科创新引智计划项目(B16020)
中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助(Z1090219181)
关键词
农业机械
仿生
多趾组合
趾尖轮廓曲线
旋耕刀
设计
田间试验
agricultural machinery
bionic
multi-claw combination
contour curve of claw tip
rotary tillage blade
design
field test
作者简介
杨玉婉,博士,主要从事农业工程仿生理论与技术研究。Email:yuwan_yang@nwafu.edu.cn;通信作者:佟金,教授,博士生导师,主要从事农业工程仿生理论与技术和仿生摩擦学研究。Email:jtong@jlu.edu.cn。
