摘要
在考察疑问与否定转化的方向性和起止点时,“逆转(Q→N)”是相对于传统研究的默认转化方向(N→Q)而言的。疑问的否定性逆转,是“疑问”向主观范畴的子类“否定”的回溯转化。疑问词的否定性逆转,是疑问词从基本的疑问标记到失去疑问标记到最后获得无标记否定的过程。疑问代词和疑问副词这两类句法疑问词的否定性逆转,与疑问标记实现为无标记否定的过程同步。就疑问代词而言,在否定命题主观化的过程中,疑问代词从主观活性成分到与否定词共存到最后挤走否定词并代替之,疑问代词从疑问标记向无标记否定的转化可从逻辑推断上得到支持。对疑问副词来说,通过语境吸收而获得的疑问语义、主观的否定的[+不确定性][+推测性][-结论]等词库语义特征以及语言的主观化规律,分别是疑问副词实现为无标记否定的前提条件、内在条件和必要条件。主观化是疑问发生否定性逆转的主要动因,由主观化推动的疑问词的无标记否定相对于“不/没”等有标记否定词,有可能是一种常态否定形式。
“Reversals(Q→N)”are compared with the default conversions(N→Q)of traditional research in the research of directions and starting-ending points of Q-N conversions.The negative reversals of questions are the retroactive conversions from questions to negations.The negative reversals of interrogatives are processes from the basic question marks to the loss of question marks and finally to unmarked negations.The negation reversals of interrogative pronouns and interrogative adverbs synchronize with the processes of interrogative markers becoming unmarked negations.As far as interrogative pronouns are concerned,in the processes of subjectivization of negative propositions,interrogative pronouns as subjective active operators firstly coexist with negators and finally crowd out and replace them.The conversions from marked queries to unmarked negations are supported by logic principles.As for interrogative adverbs,the querying meanings derived from contextual absorption,the lexical semantic features of[+uncertainty][+speculation][-conclusion]and language subjectivization tendencies are respectively the premises and internal and essential preconditions from which the unmarked negates are generated.The reversals from questions to negations significantly attribute to subjectivization,and the unmarked negative forms of interrogatives are likely to be common and normal compared with the marked forms of negative words“no”.
出处
《西南大学学报（社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2019年第6期154-163,204,共11页
Journal of Southwest University(Social Sciences Edition)
基金
重庆市社会科学规划项目“疑问词的复式语义网络及多维扩展研究”(2014BS82),项目负责人:王小穹
重庆理工大学教学研究项目“现代汉语·专业核心课程建设”(0112180807),项目负责人:王小穹
作者简介
王小穹,文学博士,重庆理工大学外国语学院,副教授。
