日本田径联合会备战奥运制定培养运动员指南——以中长期角度培养运动员的重要性被引量：2

Japan Association of Athletics Federations’ Preparation for the Olympic Games Formulating Guidelines for Developing Athletes——The Importance of Developing Athletes from a Medium-to Long-Term Perspective

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摘要日本文部科学省提出备战奥运会要建立一个以中长期的强化战略为基准的提高竞技体育水平的支援系统。日本田径联合会(Japan Association of Athletics Federations,JAAF)为了备战奥运制定了培养田径运动员的指南。本研究主要目的是通过收集相关文献研究,阐述JAAF制定“培养运动员指南”的过程以及明确今后培养运动员备战奥运会的方针。研究表明,相对年龄效应和竞技体育项目转换对培养青少年运动员有很大的影响。JAAF强调在今后培养田径运动员时要以“提高运动有能感指导”和“培养多种运动项目经验”为基础,在中小学“扩大人才库(参加人数)”,在中学和高中阶段“加强人才培养(教练/指导方法)”,在高中之后“培养顶级运动员和进行体育项目转换(选择最适合的运动项目)”。JAAF明确了要建立一个有意识的连续性运动员培养系统,为备战奥运会和日本田径事业取得更大的发展奠定坚实的基础。 Japan's Ministry of Education,Culture,Sports,Science and Technology proposed to establish a support system based on a medium-to long-term reinforcement strategy to improve the ability of competitive sports as a preparation for the Olympic Games.The Japan Association of Athletics Federations(JAAF)has developed guidelines for cultivating track and field athletes for the Olympic Games.This research is mainly for the purpose of proceeding the research and analysis by collecting relevant documents,explaining the process by which the JAAF develops its“guidelines for cultivating athletes”,and clarifying guidelines for cultivating athletes for the Olympic Games in future.The research shows that the relative age effect and the change of sports items have great influence on cultivating young athletes.The JAAF emphasizes that the cultivation of track and field athletes in future should be based on“guidance to improve physical competence”and“building up experience in a variety of sports items”,and should“enlarge the talent bank(number of participants)”in primary and secondary schools,“strengthen the talent cultivation(coaching/coaching methods)”in middle and high schools and“cultivate top athletes and carry out sports items transition(choose the most suitable sport)”after high schools.The JAAF has made it clear that a conscious and continuous cultivating system for athletes should be established to lay a solid foundation for the preparation for the Olympic Games as well as the greater development of Japanese athletics in the future.

作者森丘保典赵倩颖 MORIOKAYasunori;ZHAO Qianying(Nihon University,Tokyo 154-0002,Japan;Japan Sport Association Sport SciencesLaboratory,Tokyo 160-0013,Japan;Juntendo University,Chiba 270-1695,Japan)

机构地区日本大学公益财团法人日本体育协会体育科学研究室顺天堂大学

出处《中国体育科技》 CSSCI 北大核心 2019年第9期84-88,107,共6页 China Sport Science and Technology

关键词日本 2020年东京奥运会相对年龄效应运动有能感人才转移 Japan Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games relative age effect physical competence talent transfer

分类号 G808.1 [文化科学—体育训练]

作者简介第一作者:森丘保典(1969-),男,教授,主要研究方向为训练学,E-mail:morioka.yasunori@nihon-u.ac.jp;通信作者:赵倩颖(1986-),女,博士,主要研究方向为体育社会学,Email:zqy861012@gmail.com。