摘要
【目的】研究凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)养殖池塘沉积物中氮、磷形态的赋存特征。【方法】于对虾养殖周期的前、中和后期对池塘沉积物采样,测定和分析沉积物中各形态氮和磷含量。【结果与结论】对虾养殖池塘沉积物中总氮质量分数(1 131.36±349.00)mg/kg,有机氮平均占总氮的74.14%,养殖中期总氮及有机态氮含量相对较高。无机氮主要为固定态铵,平均占75.71%,可交换态氮主要由硝态氮和氨态氮组成。总磷质量分数(854.17±254)mg/kg,主要磷形态为铁结合态磷(Fe-P)、自生钙磷(ACa-P)和闭蓄态磷(Oc-P),养殖周期内沉积物中Fe-P含量变化频繁,较活跃。垂直方向上,总氮及有机氮在次表层4~6 cm含量较高,总磷、Fe-P及Oc-P均有表层富集现象。对虾养殖过程中池塘沉积物中的氮磷总量未见明显累积,生物活性磷(BAP)在总磷中比例增加,池塘沉积物内源磷负荷加重。氮和磷分别主要以有机态氮和生物活性磷形式存在,养殖过程使沉积物中内源磷释放潜力增加。
【Objective】To study the nitrogen and phosphorus occurrence characteristics in the sediment of aquaculture pond for Litopenaeus vannamei.【Methods】Sediments of L.vannamei ponds were researched on nitrogen forms and phosphorus fractions.Samples were collected in the early,middle and late culture stages respectively.【Result and Conclusion】Results showed that average content of total nitrogen was(1131.36±349)mg/kg and the proportion of organic nitrogen proportion in total N was 74.14%.Fixed ammonium accounting for 75.71%was the main part of inorganic nitrogen.Nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen were the major components of exchangeable nitrogen.Values of total N and organic nitrogen in the middle stage of cultivation were higher than other aquacultural stages.Average amount of total phosphorus was(854.17±254)mg/kg,and ferric fraction phosphorus(Fe-P),auto-calcium bounded phosphorus(ACa-P)and occluded phosphorus(Oc-P)were the main parts of total P.The subsurface layer had the highest contents of total N and organic N in vertical direction,and there were enrichment in the surface sediment of total P,Fe-P and Oc-P while other forms of phosphorus had distributed evenly in a vertical direction.No significant accumulation of total N and total P in the sediment was observed after the shrimp culture,and the proportion of bio-available phosphorus in total P increased which enhanced sediment endogenous phosphorus load.The fractionation structures of N and P had both changed.Endogenous phosphorus release potential increased after the shrimp culture.
作者
刘金金
张玉平
李晓蓓
LIU Jin-jin;ZHANG Yu-ping;LI Xiao-bei(Shanghai Fisheries Research Institute,Shanghai 200433,China)
出处
《广东海洋大学学报》
CAS
2019年第6期39-47,共9页
Journal of Guangdong Ocean University
基金
上海市科技兴农重点攻关项目(沪农科攻字(2015)第6-3-3号)
上海市科技兴农推广项目(沪农科推字(2017)第1-12号)
作者简介
第一作者:刘金金(1989-),女,硕士研究生,研究方向为渔业环境评价与修复。E-mail:jinjin0611@126.com;通信作者:张玉平(1979-),男,高级工程师,研究方向为环境评价与修复、水产品质量安全检测与评价。E-mail:hjkx1979@163.com。
