摘要
果树产业是我国广大农村农业经济收入的一项重要来源,对提高当地人民生活水平,促进当地农业经济发展具有重要意义。笔者采用分类归纳法,对我国现有主要果树气象灾害指标进行分类总结和系统阐述。从果树气象灾害指标基本概念出发,对果树气象灾害指标进行分类;分北方和南方两大区域,按照各自主要果树的气象灾害种类,综述了我国目前已有果树气象灾害指标,评述了各类指标的优缺点及适用性;从指标构成、指标构建方法、涉及果树种类、产业发展需求、创新的技术方法等方面,讨论了果树气象灾害指标研究存在的问题和未来发展方向,以期为我国主要果树的品种布局、产业优化、防灾减灾等提供信息参考,为我国果树产业健康、稳定、可持续发展提供科学保障。
China is an important fruit-producing country in the world.In recent years,the fruit planting area in China increased significantly,and the total fruit output has also rapidly increased.In this context of development,the characteristic fruit industry has become an important source of rural agricultural economic income in China.The stable production of characteristic fruits and disaster prevention and mitigation are of great significance for improving people's living standards and promoting the development of agricultural economy.At the same time,China has a vast territory,spanning three main climatic zones from north to south,and the damage caused by meteorological disasters of fruit trees is extremely serious and frequent.Therefore,research on meteorological disasters of fruit trees is one of the hot topics in agrometeorological disasters research.Especially,the research on meteorological disaster indicator of economic fruit trees is particularly important,which is an inevitable link in disaster monitoring,early warning,defense,planting planning,risk zoning and other research.In this paper,the main meteorological disaster indicators of fruit trees in China are classified and systematically expounded,by using the method of classification and summary.In this paper,the basic concept and significance of meteorological disaster indicators of fruit trees are defined firstly,and then the research history and progress of meteorological disaster indicators of fruit trees in China are summarized.The main research methods of meteorological disaster indicator of fruit trees in China,including fruit trees and disaster types,technology level and main achievements,were summarized in two periods before and after the 21st century.On this basis,the existing meteorological disaster indicators of fruit trees in China are divided into three categories according to their construction methods:the empirical indicator construction method based on disaster verification and disaster investigation;the comprehensive indicator construction method based on the relationship between disaster-causing factors and yields;and the experimental construction method based on artificial climate chamber or artificial climate box.According to the composition types of meteorological disasters of fruit trees in China,the existing meteorological disasters indicators of fruit trees are divided into three categories:single factor indicators,multi-factor indicators and comprehensive indicators.According to the key meteorological factors causing meteorological disasters of fruit trees,the existing meteorological disasters indicators of fruit trees are divided into several categories:low temperature disaster indicators,high temperature disaster indicators,drought disaster indicators,rainstorm disaster indicators and so on.Secondly,aiming at the northern fruit trees,this paper summarizes the research on late frost damage indicator of apple,pear,apricot,plum and grape in spring,drought disaster indicators of apple and walnut,hot damage indicators of apple and kiwifruit in summer,rainstorm disaster indicator of apple and jujube in autumn,and freezing injury indicators of pear,apricot and jujube in winter.For southern fruit trees,it summarizes the research on high temperature damage indicator of citrus,and the research on freezing damage indicator of citrus,litchi,longan,mango and loquat in winter.At the same time,this paper summarizes the types,construction methods,uses,advantages and disadvantages of the above meteorological disaster indicators of fruit trees in agrometeorological service.Finally,this paper discusses the existing problems and the future development direction of the research on meteorological disaster indicators of fruit trees,from the aspects of indicator composition,indicator construction method,fruit tree species,industrial development needs,and new technology and methods.It is expected that the results of this study can provide reference for the distribution of main fruit trees,industrial optimization,disaster prevention and mitigation,and provide scientific guarantee for the healthy,stable and sustainable development of fruit tree growing industry in China.
作者
柏秦凤
霍治国
王景红
张勇
BAI Qinfeng;HUO Zhiguo;WANG Jinghong;ZHANG Yong(Shaanxi Meteorological Service Center of Agricultural Remote Sensing and Economic Crops,Xi’an 710014,Shaanxi,China;Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences,Beijing 100081,China;Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters,Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology,Nanjing 210044,Jiangsu,China)
出处
《果树学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第9期1229-1243,共15页
Journal of Fruit Science
基金
重大自然灾害监测预警与防范重点专项(2017YFC1502801)
中国气象局2019年度国内外作物产量气象预报专项“全国苹果始花期预报技术研究”
关键词
果树
气象灾害
指标
Fruit tree
Meteorological disaster
Indicator
作者简介
柏秦凤,女,高级工程师,硕士,主要从事农业气象灾害研究。Tel:029-81619505,E-mail:qinfeng333@163.com;通信作者:霍治国,Tel:010-68408953,E-mail:huozg@cma.gov.cn。
