宝鸡郭家崖秦国墓地(南区)发掘简报被引量：2

The Excavation of the Burials of the Qin State at Guojiaya Cemetery(South Zone) in Baoji

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摘要 2011年,宝鸡郭家崖墓地南区共发掘战国秦墓78座,与北区已公布的37座墓葬情况相似,时代跨越战国早、中、晚,少数可到秦代。随葬器物除小件铜器外多是日用陶器,表明这是一处等级较低的国人墓地。值得关注的是,这处墓地与关中地区规模较大的同期墓地相比,姜戎文化的群体特征非常突出,如墓葬形制中的洞室墓和壁龛占绝大多数,框架式的棺椁结构特点比较突出,随葬器种比较单一,仿铜陶簋、陶豆、附耳长颈方壶、大喇叭口罐以及秦墓中常见的秦式鬲始终不见出现,戎式高领袋足鬲比较多见。少数墓底以卵石铺地,墓道设有台阶。这些群体特征与本地区的店子、高庄、西村墓地差异较大,却与李家崖墓地和咸阳塔儿坡墓地文化面貌相似,表明郭家崖墓地是一处战国时期完全姜戎化了的秦国墓地。 In 2011,78 burials were excavated in the south zone of the Guojiaya Cemetery of the Qin State of the Warring-States Period in Baoji.Similar to the published 37 burials excavated in the north zone,the dates of these burials covered the early,mid and late Warring-States Period,and some of them might be as late as in the Qin Dynasty.Except for some small bronze objects,most of the grave goods were pottery wares for daily use,showing that this cemetery was that of the common citizens in lower classes.What noticeable is that compared to the large-scale cemeteries of the same time span in Guanzhong region,the cultural characteristics of the Jiang Rong ethnic group of this cemetery are especially obvious.For example,the cave burials and recesses in the graves were the most popular forms,frame-shaped coffin chamber and coffin structures were widely seen,and categories of grave goods were monotonous:the pottery gui-tureen simulating bronze vessels,pottery dou-stemmed bowls,pottery square pots with long neck and attached lugs,pottery jars with large trumpet-shaped mouth and Qin-style li-cauldrons,which were popularly seen in the burials of the Qin State,were never seen in this cemetery,but the Rong-style li-cauldrons with high neck and pouched legs were frequently seen.A few burials had bottoms paved with pebbles,and passages had steps.These collective characteristics were sharply different from that of the Dianzi,Gaozhuang and Xicun Cemeteries in the same area,but similar to that of the Lijiaya Cemetery in northern Shaanxi and Tarpo Cemetery in Xianyang,which showed that the Guojiaya Cemetery was that of the Qin people completely acculturated by the Jiang Rong ethnic group.