摘要
采用相关分析和结构方程模型的方法考察三种中央执行子功能(刷新、转换和抑制)对创造性问题解决过程中初始表征与搜索阶段以及重构阶段的作用模式。结果发现,抑制功能显著预测初始表征与搜索阶段反应时,刷新与转换功能与重构阶段反应时存在显著相关,但只有刷新功能显著预测重构阶段反应时。本研究结果表明,三种执行子功能在创造性思维的不同阶段发挥作用。
Creative thinking is the core of creativity and it is influenced by the executive control function. As basic cognitive processes that control thought and action, executive functions can be divided into three subcomponents: updating, switching and inhibition. Previous behavioral or neuroscience studies have explored the important role of the three subcomponents in creative thinking, but their influence on different cognitive phases in creative thinking has not yet been clarified. Generally, creative thinking starts at the initial representation of problems and searching relevant information in the problem space which usually leads to mental impasse, and the key process of creative thinking is the reconstruction of problem representation. The current study directly separated the creative thinking into these two phases, and used the structural equation model to examine the effect of three subcomponents of executive function on the different processes of creative thinking.Forty undergraduates participated in this study. Short memory task, Stroop task and number-letter task were adopted to measure the subcomponents of executive function, namely the updating, inhibition and switching functions respectively. Participants were asked to first complete the creative thinking task which, in the current study, was to solve the puzzles, and then complete three sub-tasks of the execution function, in which three sub-tasks were presented in random order. Adopting Sandkuhler and Bhattacharya’s(2008) method to directly separate the creative thinking into two phases, namely the initial representation and search phase, and the reconstruction phase. In this paradigm, the subjects were first presented with a puzzle, and then asked to seriously think about the answer within 10 s. Once the subject experienced a mental impasse or mental block(which we described as "you feel that you cannot proceed" or "you just do not know what else to think of") within this initial time period, she/he should press the "enter" key as soon as possible. Then a clue or a hint appeared on the monitor to prompt participants to complete the task. The time interval from the presentation of the puzzle to the request for the clue or hint was the reaction time of the initial representation and searching phase, and that from the presentation of the clue or a hint to the response of the participant was considered as the reaction time of the reconstruction phase.The correlation analysis showed that the inhibition(r =.379, p <.05) was significantly correlated with the reaction time of the initial representation and search phase, updating(r =-.597, p <.001) and switching(r =.491, p <.01) were significantly correlated with the reaction time of the reconstruction phase. The structural equation model results revealed that the inhibition function could positively predict the initial representation and search response, and the updating function could negatively predict the reconstruction phase response. The results suggested that the three execution sub-functions(updating, switching and inhibition) had different effects on the initial representation and searching as well as reconstruction phases of creative thinking.
作者
郭芳
赵庆柏
胡丽霞
费昕媛
陈石
周治金
Guo Fang;Zhao Qingbai;Hu Lixia;FeiXinyuan;Chen Shi;Zhou Zhijin(Department of Psychology,Central China Normal University,Wuhan,430079)
出处
《心理科学》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第4期790-797,共8页
Journal of Psychological Science
基金
国家自然科学基金面上项目(31471000)
认知神经与学习国家重点实验室开放课题重点项目(CNLZD1604)
华中师范大学中央高校基本科研业务费重大培育项目(CCNU18ZD005、CCNU19TD019)的资助
关键词
创造性思维
重构
中央执行功能
结构方程模型
creative thinking
reconstruction
central executive function
structural equation modeling
作者简介
通讯作者:赵庆柏。E-mail:zqbznr@mail.ccnu.edu.cn
