摘要
柏拉图给出一个自然类实在论取向,它强调作为共相的自然类的实在,但是没有解释如何准确地界定自然类。从对于自然类实在论的质疑来看,对于自然类实在论与多元实在论的折中,促成一种以“相关的类”取代自然类的消去主义取向;借鉴在语言层面对于自然类与非自然类的区分,则应当着力于因果关系为自然类实在论辩护。自然类实在论预设一种自然因果关系,关于自然类的本质主义、“自我平衡性质簇说”与“分类瓶颈说”等都接受这一预设,也难以摆脱消去主义。因果关系实在论可以支持自然类实在论,但是它需要回应休谟关于因果关系的立场,并因此需要一种解释多元论的支持。从完善解释多元论的角度为自然类实在论辩护,需要进一步推进和借鉴性质的形上学研究。
Natural kind realism stresses the universal existence of natural kinds.The realism conforms to people’s metaphysical intuition,but it encounters the problem of how to define natural class accurately.From the point of view of questioning natural kind realism,the compromise between natural kind realism and pluralistic realism has contributed to the eliminative orientation of replacing natural kinds with“related class”;drawing lessons from the distinction between natural kinds and non-natural kinds at the linguistic level,more attention should be paid to the causality to justify natural kind realism.Natural kind realism presupposes a kind of natural causality.Essentialism,homeostatic property cluster account and categorical bottlenecks theory all accept this presupposition and it is difficult to get rid of eliminationism.Causal realism can support natural kind realism,but it needs the support of explanatory pluralism to respond to Hume’s rejection of transcendental causality.In order to defend natural kind realism from the perspective of perfecting the explanatory pluralism,more efforts are needed to further promote and draw lessons from the metaphysical studies of properties.
作者
张存建
ZHANG Cun-jian(Department of Philosophy,Jiangsu Normal University,Xuzhou 221116,China)
出处
《南通大学学报（社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2019年第5期16-21,共6页
Journal of Nantong University:Social Sciences Edition
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目“信息互动的逻辑、认知与计算研究”（14ZDB016）
江苏省高校哲学社会科学研究基金项目“自然类的形上学研究”（2018SJA0948）
关键词
自然类实在论
自然因果关系
消去主义
命题知识
性质
natural realism
natural causality
eliminationism
propositional knowledge
property
作者简介
张存建(1971-),男,山东单县人,江苏师范大学哲学系教授,哲学博士。
