摘要
黄河三角洲是我国大江大河中生态现状最好、代表性最为突出、保护意义最重大的河口三角洲。实施黄河口大保护,不仅能有效改善河口三角洲生态环境质量,保护河口生物多样性,而且对于整个黄河流域乃至全国生态文明建设具有重要带动作用和战略影响。近年来,随着入海水沙持续减少,黄河三角洲正面临着整体性生态退化问题和风险。由于黄河三角洲生态区位以及所面临问题的全局性和复杂性,因此需参照世界河口和长江流域大保护做法,在更高层次开展总体规划并综合施策。建议采取以下几点措施:以恢复黄河多流入海为抓手,奠定三角洲整体生态格局;以水系连通为抓手,优化区域水土资源格局;以生态恢复为抓手,维持黄河口湿地空间格局;以生物多样性保护为抓手,维护区域生物群落格局;以科研监管和生态补偿为抓手,建立保护修复长效机制,在国家层面尽快启动并实施黄河三角洲大保护计划,全面打造我国向世界展示河口文化的标志区。
The Yellow River estuary is the most representative and significant estuary area in China’s major rivers.Implementing the protection of the Yellow River estuary can not only effectively improve the ecological environment quality of the estuary delta and protect the biological diversity of the estuary,but also have an important driving role and strategic impact on the whole Yellow River basin and even the national ecological civilization construction.In recent years,with the continuous decrease of sediment inflow into the sea,the Yellow River delta is facing the problem and risk of overall ecological degradation.Because of the ecological location of the Yellow River delta and the overall situation and complexity of the problems it faces,it is necessary to carry out overall planning and comprehensive measures at a higher level in accordance with the practice of protecting the world estuaries and Yangtze River basins.It is suggested that the following measures should be taken:restoring the Yellow River into the sea to lay down the overall ecological pattern of the delta;optimizing the pattern of regional water and soil resources by connecting the river systems;maintaining the spatial pattern of wetlands in the Yellow River estuary by restoring the ecosystem;maintaining the pattern of regional biological communities by protecting biodiversity and;establishing the pattern of scientific research supervision and ecological compensation.The long-term mechanism of protection and restoration should be launched and implemented as soon as possible at the national level,so as to comprehensively build a landmark area for China to show estuary culture to the world.
作者
王建华
胡鹏
龚家国
WANG Jianhua;HU Peng;GONG Jiaguo(China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100038,China)
出处
《人民黄河》
CAS
北大核心
2019年第10期7-10,共4页
Yellow River
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0401302,2017YFC0404503)
国家自然科学基金资助项目(51625904)
中国水利水电科学研究院基本科研业务费项目(WR0145B522017)
关键词
生态保护与修复
生态文明建设
生物多样性
黄河三角洲
ecological protection and restoration
construction of ecological civilization
biodiversity
Yellow River estuary
作者简介
王建华(1972-),男,江苏海安人,教授级高级工程师,博士生导师,中国水利水电科学研究院副院长、水利部水资源与水生态工程技术研究中心主任,国家杰出青年科学基金获得者,国家"万人计划"科技创新领军人才,兼水利部科技委副秘书长、中国科学院水资源研究中心副主任、中国水利学会青年科技工作委员会主任委员、中国水利学会水资源专业委员会副主任委员、亚洲水理事会(AWC)水与气候变化特别委员会主席、中美清洁能源联合研究中心(CREC)能源与水联盟中方常务副主任。主要从事水循环基础理论、水资源规划、综合节水、水生态保护、水系统管理研究工作。主持国家重点研发计划项目、国家自然科学基金重点项目、"973"课题等科研项目60余项,发表论文180余篇,出版专/译著18部。获国家科技进步一等奖1项、二等奖2项,全球人居环境绿色技术奖1项,省部级一等奖12项、二等奖6项。获中国青年科技奖、钱正英水利水电科技创新奖,是百千万人才工程国家级人选,享受国务院特殊津贴,被授予全国优秀科技工作者、国家有突出贡献的中青年专家等称号。E-mail:wjh@iwhr.com.
