摘要
当前在国家政策的号召下,各大金融机构投身于金融扶贫工作中,扶贫小额信贷已经成为金融扶贫的重要内容,为实现2020年脱贫攻坚目标,实现全面小康社会发挥了较大的作用。但随着扶贫小额贷款陆续到期,后阶段形成还款逾期的可能性较为突出,扶贫小额信贷所暴露出的问题若不及时解决,一方面影响2020年脱贫攻坚目标的实现,另一方面其积累的风险可能会延续到下一阶段农村金融工作中,从长远看不利于乡村振兴战略部署。现有的研究集中在以农户角度剖析小额信贷风险的影响因素,或者从金融机构角度研究如何优化内部风险管理体系、提高风险控制能力。但结合扶贫小额信贷的政治任务,对扶贫小额信贷的困境开展研究的并不多。文章基于已有的研究和全国各地金融扶贫工作实践,总结出当前扶贫小额信贷实践中防控风险的基本做法,即优化贫困地区金融生态环境,提升贫困户自我发展的内生动力,以及利用农业保险、风险补偿金和扶贫小额信贷担保基金构建风险共担与风险补偿机制。这些措施从总体上看是可行的,但在具体实践中,政府政绩与金融机构目标之间存在矛盾,原有“分贷统还”模式隐含风险控制压力,风险补偿政策落实不到位,“建档立卡”人员动态变化存在风险隐患,扶贫金融机构内部管理缺陷等情况,这使扶贫小额信贷风险问题难以有效把握。当前我国处于“后脱贫时代”,一方面,脱贫攻坚进入最后冲刺阶段,另一方面,按照国家战略规划,2020年脱贫攻坚任务完成后,国家将重点实施乡村振兴战略。在这个特殊时间节点,为了防范扶贫小额信贷风险,不仅要处理“存量”问题,避免出现大面积风险问题,还需要扩大“增量”以支持完成在精准扶贫、精准脱贫目标的“最后一公里”任务。同时也要考虑小额信贷的可持续性,以及未来小额信贷对乡村振兴的支持作用。因此在扶贫小额信贷的风险防范的对策中提出,在“后脱贫时代”,应该充分发挥政府引导和规范作用,加大对存量“分贷统还”扶贫项目的监查力度,进一步完善扶贫小额信贷风险补偿机制,提高金融机构风险管理水平,加强农户职业技能培训,加大财政支持改善农业生产条件。
At present,under the call of the state policy,all major financial institutions are engaged in the work of financial poverty alleviation,and poverty alleviation microfinance has become an important part of financial poverty alleviation,which has played a great role in achieving the goal of getting rid of poverty by 2020 and achieving a well-off society in an all-round way.With the expiration of poverty alleviation microfinance,the possibility of overdue repayment of loan is more remarkable in the future.If we cannot solve the exposed problems of poverty alleviation microfinance in time,on the one hand,it will affect the realization the goals of poverty alleviation in 2020;on the other hand,the accumulated risks are likely to extend to the next stage of rural finance work,which is not conducive to the strategic deployment of rural revitalization in the long run.Existing researches focus on analyzing the influencing factors of microfinance’s risk from the perspective of peasant household,or optimizing the internal risk management system and improving the risk control ability from the perspective of financial institutions.However,few researches focus on poverty alleviation microfinance combined with the political task to analyze the plight.Based on the existing researches and the practice of financial poverty-aid throughout the country,the paper summarizes the basic methods of preventing and controlling risks in poverty alleviation microfinance,that is,to optimize the financial ecological environment in poor areas,to enhance the internal motive force of self-development of poor households,and to construct the mechanism of risk sharing and risk compensation by using agricultural insurance,risk compensation and poverty alleviation microcredit guarantee fund.On the whole,these measures are feasible,but in practice,following problems are existing: there is a contradiction between the government achievements and the objectives of financial institutions;the original “loan on installment,repayment once for all” model implies risk control pressure;the implementation of risk compensation policy is not in place;the dynamic changes of borrowers on “file card” have hidden risks;poverty alleviation financial institutions have internal management defects and so on,which makes it difficult to effectively grasp the risk of poverty alleviation microcredit.At present,China has come to the “post- stage era of poverty alleviation”.On the one hand,poverty alleviation has entered the final sprint.;on the other hand,according to the national strategic plan,China will focus on implementing the rural revitalization strategy after 2020.At this special time,in order to prevent the risk of poverty alleviation microfinance,we should not only deal with the “stock” and avoid massive risk problems,but also expand the “increment” to complete the goals of the targeted poverty alleviation in the “last kilometer”.At the same time,it is necessary to consider the sustainability of microfinance and its supporting role in rural revitalization in the future.Therefore,the paper propounds that government should play the guiding and normative role in practice,intensify supervision of existing poverty alleviation projects in terms of the “loan on installment,repayment once for all”,further improve the risk compensation mechanism for poverty alleviation,strengthen the vocational skills training of farming borrowers and improve agricultural production conditions in the “post-poverty alleviation era”.
作者
周孟亮
袁玲玲
ZHOU Mengliang;YUAN Lingling(School of Economics,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha 410128,China)
出处
《四川理工学院学报（社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2019年第5期88-100,共13页
Journal of Sichuan University of Science & Engineering(Social Sciences Edition)
基金
国家社会科学基金项目(18BJY160)
关键词
后脱贫时代
扶贫小额信贷
风险防范
乡村振兴
金融扶贫
风险补偿机制
post-poverty alleviation era
poverty alleviation microcredit
risk rrevention
rural revitalization
financial poverty alleviation
risk compensation mechanism
作者简介
周孟亮,博士,教授,博士生导师,E-mail:ZML39102@163.com.
