摘要
因为种间杂交、多倍化和无融合生殖等现象,苹果属植物以难于分类和鉴定而闻名,其中尤以山荆子种复合体为甚.本文针对山荆子种复合体中的主要自然分布植物和关系可能较密切的花楸苹果组植物进行了染色体分析,十五个苹果属分类群包括一个四倍体,四个三倍体,十个二倍体,天目山湖北海棠、泰山海棠、日瓦海棠(新拟)、紫花海棠、冬红果染色体数目为首次报道;核型多为中部着丝点染色体(m)、亚中部着丝点染色体(sm),属较原始的类型,沧江海棠核型为1A,最为原始,三叶海棠核型为3B,最为进化.试验结果提示分布于天目山顶部的很可能并非湖北海棠,而可能是一个独立的种,它可能与平邑甜茶和泰山海棠的杂交亲本有关;山荆子也有可能与其亲本有关;四川西部发现的日瓦海棠与锡金海棠近似,但其核型及染色体数目差异很大,因此也支持该种成立.核型分析结果也为后续的基因组原位杂交研究积累了资料.
There exist interspecific hybridization,polyploidy and apomixis phenomenon in the Malus Mill.so they are known for their difficulty in classification and identification,the complex species of Malus baccata(L.)Borkh is even more difficult.In this paper,chromosome analysis was carried out on the main plants of the complex species of Malus baccata(L.)Borkh and the Sect.Sorbomalus zabel,which is possibly closely related plants.Fifteen taxa of the Malus Mill.consist of one tetraploid,four triploids and ten diploids.The chromosome materials of Tianmushan crabapple,Malus hupehensis Rehd.var.taiensis G.Z.Qian,Riwa crabapple,Malus purpurea and Malus ‘Donghongguo’were published for the first time.The karyotypes are mostly belong to metacentric chromosome(m)and submetacentric chromosome(sm),which belong to the more primitive type.The karyotype of Malus ombrophila Hand.-Mazz.is 1 A,which is the most primitive,and the karyotype of Malus toringo De Vriese is 3 B,which is the most evolutionary one.The experimental results suggested that it is probably not the Malus hupehensis(Pamp.)Rehd.that distributes at the top of Tianmu Mountain,but it could be an independent species,it is related to the parents of Malus hupehensis(Pamp.)Rehd.var.mengshanensis G.Z.Qian et W.H.Shao and Malus hupehensis Rehd.var.taiensis G.Z.Qian;Malus baccata(L.)Borkh probably is related to the parents too;the Riwa crabapple,which found in the western of Sichuan is resemble with Malus sikkimensis(Wenz.)Koehne,but there are great differences in karyotype and chromosome number,so it also supports the independent species.The results of karyotype analysis also accumulated datas for further studies of genomic in situ hybridization.
作者
华利源
王轩
钱关泽
HUA Li-yuan;WANG Xuan;QIAN Guan-ze(School of Life Science,Liaocheng University,Liaocheng 252059,China)
出处
《聊城大学学报（自然科学版）》
2019年第6期97-110,共14页
Journal of Liaocheng University:Natural Science Edition
基金
国家自然科学基金项目（31070619）
国家自然科学基金项目（31170178）
山东省自然科学基金项目（ZR2011CM045）资助
关键词
苹果属
去壁低渗
染色体
核型分析
Malus Mill
wall degradation and hypotomis methods
chromosome
karyotyping
作者简介
通讯作者:钱关泽,男,汉族,博士,教授,硕士研究生导师,研究方向:种子植物分类学,E-mail:qianguanze@lcu.edu.cn.
