摘要
核桃树休眠期间修剪伤流严重,为了减少伤流,促进核桃树体生长,在秦岭山区以休眠期修剪为对照,在核桃落叶前、萌芽前及萌芽后进行修剪,监测不同修剪时期对枝条伤流量、剪口枯枝长度、萌芽率、成枝率、枝条生长状况及结果状况等的影响.结果表明:休眠期(对照)修剪的伤流量最大且持续时期最长,且极显著高于萌芽前修剪;与休眠期(对照)相比,3个修剪时期的剪口枯枝长度均显著或极显著减小;落叶前和休眠期(对照)修剪的萌芽率均较高,萌芽前修剪居中,萌芽后修剪的较低;萌芽前修剪的成枝率最高,极显著高于其他3个修剪时期;萌芽前修剪的雌花序数、雌花数、结果数、翌年结果母枝数均高于其他修剪时期,且1年生枝长势最好.综上,推荐秦岭山区核桃在萌芽前15d左右进行修剪,可减少伤流,提高核桃产量,促进枝条生长.
The walnut tree has serious pruning xylem exudation in dormant stage,in order to reduce the xylem exudation and promote the growth of walnut tree,the dormant pruning was used as a control,the effects on the quantity of branch xylem exudation,the length of dried branch below pruning wound,budding rate,branching rate,branch growth and fruiting status of before defoliation pruning,before germination pruning and after germination pruning had been monitored in Qinling Mountain area.The results showed that the branch xylem exudation of dormant pruning(control)was the largest and the duration was the longest,and was extremely significantly higher than that of before germination pruning.Compared with dormant pruning(control),the length of dried branch below pruning wound of other three pruning periods was significantly or extremely significantly lower.The budding rate of before defoliation pruning and dormant pruning was higher,before germination pruning was in the middle,and after germination pruning was lower.The branching rate of before germination pruning was the highest,and was extremely significantly higher than that of other three pruning periods.The quantity of female inflorescence,female flower,fruit and fruit-baering branch of before germination pruning were higher than that of other three pruning periods,and the branch growth vigor was the strongest.Conclusions as a result,the pruning experiment recommended that walnut tree in Qinling mountain area should be pruned about 15 days before germination,which could reduce the xylem exudation,increase the yield of walnut and promote the growth of branches.
作者
白岗栓
谷瑞民
刘英俊
BAI Gangshuan;GU Ruimin;LIU Yingjun(Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100;Forestry Bureau of Luonan County;Fruit Industry Administration Bureau of Chengcheng County)
出处
《中国果树》
北大核心
2019年第4期39-42,57,共5页
China Fruits
基金
国家“十二五”科技支撑计划项目(2014BAD14B006)
关键词
核桃
修剪时期
伤流
修剪反应
树体生长
walnut
pruning period
xylem exudation
reaction of prune
growth of tree
作者简介
白岗栓,电话:13572942506,E-mail:gshb@nwsuaf.edu.cn.
