摘要
在长白山北坡不同海拔高程开展水稻低温处理试验,以揭示水稻开花不同时段的冷积温对结实率的影响及其冷害气象指标。试验设7个海拔、3个低温持续时间、3个开花时段处理。结果表明,水稻空秕率对开花期冷积温反应很敏感,其关系呈二次函数,冷积温越多,水稻空秕率越大。不同开花时段低温影响程度差异明显,盛花期冷积温的影响系数是中花期的1.5倍,是初花期的2.2倍左右。水稻空秕率与昼间冷积温、日最高冷积温的关系更密切,与夜间冷积温和日最低冷积温的关系次之,昼间冷积温对空秕率的影响系数明显大于夜间冷积温的。水稻不同开花时段发生冷害的冷积温指标差异明显,盛花时段昼间冷积温28℃·d以上引发中度冷害,而在中花和初花时段分别是31℃·d和38℃·d;盛花时段日最高冷积温36℃·d以上引发严重冷害,而在中花和初花时段分别是41℃·d和52℃·d。开花期平均而言,昼间冷积温在31℃·d和38℃·d以上,或日最高冷积温在33℃·d和41℃·d以上,分别引发中度和重度冷害,空秕率分别达到10%和15%以上。
In order to reveal the effect of cold accumulated temperature in different phases of flowering on Japonica rice seed setting rate and define the weather indexes of rice chilling injury,a low-temperature treatment was executed at different altitudes on the northern slope of Changbai Mountain.The test setup included 7 altitude,3 low temperature duration,and 3 sub-flowering stage.The results showed that the reaction of rice sterile grain rate to cold accumulated temperature in flowering stage was sensitive,and the relations between them followed a quadratic function.The more the cold-accumulated temperature was,the higher the sterile grain rate was.There were significant differences of the influence of low temperature in different sub-flowering stage.The influence coefficient of cold-accumulated temperature in full-flowering stage was 1.5 times as large as that in the middle-flowering and about 2.2 times as large as that in the early-flowering.The rice sterile grain rate is more closely related to daytime cold accumulated temperature and highest cold accumulated temperature than to night cold accumulated temperature and minimum cold accumulated temperature.The reaction coefficient of daytime cold accumulated temperature is greater than that of night cold accumulated temperature.The cold accumulated temperature indexes of rice chilling injury in different sub-flowering stage were obviously different.The daytime cold accumulated temperature index of moderate chilling injury is above 28℃·d in the full-flowering,while are 31℃·d in the middle-flowering and 38℃·d in the early-flowering.The highest cold accumulated temperature index of severe chilling injury is above 36℃·d in the full-flowering,while are 41℃·d in the middle-flowering and 52℃·d in the early-flowering.In the whole flowering stage,the daytime cold accumulated temperature above 31℃·d and 38℃·d,or the highest cold accumulated temperature above 33℃·d and 41℃·d caused moderate and severe chilling injury,and the sterile grain rate was above 10%and 15%,respectively.
作者
马树庆
李秀芬
金龙范
袭祝香
邓奎才
刘晓航
MA Shuqing;LI Xiufen;JIN Longfan;XI Zhuxiang;DENG Kuicai;LIU Xiaohang(Meteorological Observatory of Jilin Province,Changchun 130062,China;Heilongjiang Province Institute of Meteorological Sciences,Harbin 150030,China;Yanbian Agrometeorological Experiment Station of Jilin Province,Yanbian 133001,China)
出处
《自然灾害学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第2期153-159,共7页
Journal of Natural Disasters
基金
国家公益性行业(气象)科研专项(GYHY201306036)
中国气象局沈阳大气环境研究所中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(2016SYIAEZD1)~~
关键词
粳稻
开花时段
冷积温
空秕率
影响模式
冷害指标
Japonica rice
flowering period
cold accumulated temperature
sterile grain rate
impact model
chilling injury indexes
作者简介
马树庆(1959-),男,正研级高工,主要从事农业气象和农业生态研究.E-mail:jlmasq@aliyun.com;通讯作者:李秀芬(1973-),女,高级工程师,硕士,主要从事生态与农业气象研究.E-mail:ge-2003@163.com.
