摘要
风力发电占世界可再生能源发电量的16%。海上风电虽起步晚,但凭借其稳定性和大发电功率的特点,近年来正在世界各地飞速发展。2017年世界海上风电累计容量18.8MW,欧洲5国(英国、德国、丹麦、荷兰、比利时)累计容量占世界的份额为82.2%。2017年欧洲海上风电容量新增3.148GW。按国别累计,海上风电容量英国6.8GW,德国5.4GW,中国2.8GW,丹麦1.3GW,荷兰1.1GW。海上风力发电方式分固定式和漂浮式,固定式已产业化,成本低,被广泛采用;漂浮式各国都在大力开发,但成本高,仍处在从基础研究到验证实验的开发阶段。欧洲海上风电容量、技术等方面全面居世界领先水平,但发展市场容量不足,极需向海外拓展。我国有良好的海上风电开发资源基础,但2017年海上风电容量为2.8GW,仅占总风电容量的1.48%。建议加强与欧洲合作,加快我国海上风电发展进程。
Wind power accounts for 16% of the world′s renewable energy generation.Although started late,offshore wind power has been developing rapidly all over the world in recent years due to its stability and high power generation.In 2017,the world′s cumulative offshore wind power capacity was 18.8 MW,and the cumulative capacity of five countries in Europe including the UK,Germany,Denmark,the Netherlands and Belgium accounted for 82.2% of the world′s total.The offshore wind power capacity in Europe was increased by 3.148 GW in 2017.Accumulated by country,the offshore wind power capacity in the UK,Germany,China,Denmark and the Netherlands is 6.8 GW,5.4 GW,2.8 GW,1.3 GW and 1.1 GW respectively.Offshore wind power can be divided into fixed offshore wind power and floating offshore wind power.Fixed offshore wind power has already been industrialized,and it has low cost and wide application.Floating offshore wind power is under development by countries worldwide,but it has high cost and is still in the development stage from basic research to verification experiment.Europe is leading the world in offshore wind power capacity and technology,but the market capacity for development is not sufficient,so it is extremely necessary to expand overseas.China has a good resource base for offshore wind power development,but its offshore wind power capacity was 2.8 GW in 2017,only accounting for 1.48% of the total wind power capacity.It is recommended that China should strengthen its cooperation with Europe to accelerate the development of offshore wind power.
作者
罗承先
Luo Chengxian(Former SINOPEC Research Institute of Information,Beijing 100011)
出处
《中外能源》
CAS
2019年第2期22-27,共6页
Sino-Global Energy
关键词
海上风电
世界
欧洲
装机容量
开发
动向
建议
offshore wind power
world
Europe
installed capacity
development
trend
suggestion
作者简介
罗承先,高级工程师,1962年毕业于四川大学化学系有机化学专业,曾在化工部吉化研兗院、化工部第二胶片厂、中国石化传息研究所(信息中心)从事有机合成、信息编译报道、信息调研等工作,已发表论文多篇.
