摘要
【目的】解决青海高寒区盐碱地治理的问题。【方法】采取在青海柴达木盆地德令哈(中度盐渍化)与诺木洪(重度盐渍化)2处试验区建设排盐工程与田间试验的方法,在中度和重度盐渍化土地安装毛细透排水带与暗管进行排水,分析了毛细透排水带降盐技术对中度和重度盐渍化土壤盐分变化规律的影响。【结果】(1)中度和重度盐渍化土壤表层(0～10 cm)盐分下降最快,其他土层盐分量呈现显著下降,中度和重度土壤最高脱盐率分别为81.19%和96.62%,重度盐渍化土壤盐分可降低至中度水平;(2)2处试验区0～10 cm土壤盐分中Cl-、SO42-、Na+和K+量较原始土样明显下降,毛细透排水带对Cl-、SO42-、Na+和K+有显著的淋洗作用;(3)毛细透排水带降盐技术在青海高寒区中度盐渍化地区土壤脱盐率可达98.61%,重度盐渍化地区淋盐定额土壤脱盐率可达94.41%。在1 500 m3/hm2灌水量、灌水次数4次的淋盐定额下,中度盐渍化土壤的改良效果最好;在1 650 m3/hm2灌水量,灌水次数4次的淋盐定额下,重度盐渍化土壤的改良效果最好。【结论】毛细透排水带可以有效治理盐碱土壤,中度盐渍化地区改善土壤性质,恢复耕地,提高土地生产力。
【Objective】The objective of this paper is to present a drainage system as well as test of its efficacy in remediating saline-alkali soil in alpine region of Qinghai province.【Method】The work is part of a soil desalination project in Delhi(moderate salinization) and Nuomhon(severe salinization) in Qaidam Basin of Qinghai province, in which we studied salt leaching from the saline-alkali soils drained by a new system consisting of capillary-drainage belts and standard subsurface drain.【Result】(1) In both soils, salt leaching from the top 0~10 cm was faster than from the subsoil and the leaching rate from the moderate and severe salinized soils at the end of the experiment was 81.19% and 96.62% respectively.(2)The results saw a significant decrease in contents of Cl^-,SO4^2-, Na+and K+in the top 0~10 cm soil, indicating the system was effective in leaching these ions.(3)Overall,the system leached 98.61% of salt in the moderate salinized soil and 94.41% of salt in the severe salinized soil.【Conclusion】In terms of leaching rate, irrigating 1500 m^3/hm^2 water in four times is most efficient for the moderate salinized soil, and 1 500m^3/hm^2 in four times most efficient for the severe salinized soil.
作者
张震中
张金旭
黄佳盛
张潭
唐达
贺康宁
李润杰
ZHANG Zhenzhong;ZHANG Jinxu;HUANG Jiasheng;ZHANG Tan;TANG Da;HE Kangning;LI Runjie(School of Soil and Water Conservation, Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Soil and Water Conservation, Engineering Research Center of Forestry Ecological Engineering of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, Chrna;Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower of Qinghai Province, Xining 810001, China)
出处
《灌溉排水学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第12期78-85,共8页
Journal of Irrigation and Drainage
基金
柴达木盆地盐碱地造林技术研究与示范(2014-NK-A4-4).
关键词
盐碱地治理
波纹管
毛细透排水带
淋盐定额
土壤盐分
saline soil improvement
subsurface pipe
capillary-drainage belt
salt quota
soil salinity
作者简介
张震中(1993-),男。硕士研究生,主要从事水土保持、盐碱地改良的研究。E-mail:castortroy@163.com;通信作者:贺康宁(1962-),男。教授,主要从事水土保持、盐碱地改良的研究。E-mail: hkn@bjfu.edu.cn
