摘要
华北地区1876-1879年旱灾是历史灾害及极端干旱事件社会影响领域的研究热点之一。利用历史文献等资料,相关学者在旱灾气候变化背景与旱情、旱灾社会脆弱性、旱灾社会影响及旱灾社会响应等方面取得了大量研究成果。从研究阶段、研究方法、研究视角及主要结论等方面综述了相关研究成果。结果表明:现有文献全面涵盖不同视角与区域尺度,热点视角与研究区域反映了旱灾社会影响及响应的关键环节,以及区域不平衡的重要特征;现有文献采用史实陈述、综合分析、定量评价、空间分布及过程分析、对比分析及统计分析等方法,认为在极端干旱事件与社会脆弱性的相互作用下,旱灾社会影响被放大、赈灾成效受到制约,导致灾情极为惨重。未来研究需要进一步关注相关指标空间分布与过程的集成、插补、重建,旱灾社会影响与响应的区域差异与关联,极端干旱与人类社会相互作用与反馈机制的定量解释。
The great drought disaster during 1876-1879 is a research focus of historical disasters and extreme drought s social impact. Based on historical documents, relevant scholars made a large amount of research results on the main issues of the drought disaster, including climate change background and drought severity, social vulnerability, social impact and social response. This review make a systemic summary on research stages, research methods, research perspectives and main conclusions of the related research literatures. These literatures comprehensively covered different perspectives and regional scales, presenting the key links of social impact and response of the drought disaster, with obvious regional imbalance. By applying the methods of historical facts statement, comprehensive analysis, quantitative evaluation, spatial distribution and process analysis, comparative analysis and statistical analysis, these literatures concluded that the interaction between extreme drought and social vulnerability, enlarged the social impacts and weakened the disaster relief effects, resulting in an extremely cruel catastrophe. In the future, the studies on the drought disaster should be focused on integration, interpolation and reconstruction of spatial distribution and temporal evolution for key indexes,regional difference and relation of social impact and response, and quantitative interpretation on the mechanism of the interaction and feedback between extreme drought and human society.
作者
文彦君
方修琦
李屹凯
萧凌波
WEN Yanjun;FANG Xiuqi;LI Yikai;XIAO Lingbo(College of geography and Environment, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Baoji 721013, China;Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China;The Institute of Qing History, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China)
出处
《灾害学》
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第1期172-180,共9页
Journal of Catastrophology
基金
国家社科基金重大项目"清代灾荒纪年暨信息集成数据库建设"(13&ZD092)
国家自然科学基金项目"过去千年自然外强迫异常期的中国气候变化空间型及其形成机制"(41430528)
作者简介
第一作者:文彦君(1978-),男,陕西宝鸡人,副教授,博士研究生,主要从事环境演变与自然灾害研究.E-mail:wenyanjun2003@163.com;通讯作者:方修琦(1962-),男,吉林前郭人,教授,主要从事环境演变及其影响与适应研究.E-mail:xfang@bnu.edu.cn
