摘要
量子通信是量子信息科学的重要分支,其中最重要的两个应用是量子密钥分发和量子隐形传态。量子密钥分发可为通信双方提供无条件安全的密钥分发方式,其理论安全性由量子力学规律保证。量子密钥分发因其无条件安全的特点受到广泛关注。本文通过对量子密钥分发的广泛调研,系统地介绍了量子密钥分发的主要内容、理论安全性证明现状和实际安全性证明现状,着重介绍了诱骗态方法和测量装置无关的量子密钥分发方案;同时针对量子密钥分发在信道衰减严重时面临的问题做了系统调研,介绍了目前学术界对该问题的主流解决方法,即量子中继或卫星中继;最后指出量子密钥分发已经由理论模型发展到实际系统,为后续开展量子密钥分发相关研究提供了有益参考。
Quantum communication is an important branch of quantum information,where the two most important applications are quantum key distribution(QKD)and quantum teleportation.QKD can provide unconditionally secure key distribution methods between two remotely separated parties,and its information theoretical security is guaranteed by the laws of quantum mechanics.QKD has received much attention due to its unconditional security.Through extensive research on QKD,this paper systematically introduces the main content of QKD,the status of theoretical security proof and real-life security proof,and mainly focuses on the decoy state method and measurement-device-independent QKD.Besides,this paper systematically investigates the problems faced by QKD in the case of severe channel attenuation,and introduces the mainstream solution to the problem,i.e.,quantum repeaters or satellite relay.This paper points out that the QKD has been developed from the theoretical model to the actual system,and provides a useful guidance for the subsequent research on QKD.
作者
王向斌
Wang Xiangbin(Physics Department of Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;Jinan Institute of Quantum Technology,Jinan 370102, China)
出处
《中国工程科学》
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第6期87-92,共6页
Strategic Study of CAE
基金
中国工程院咨询项目"工程科技颠覆性技术战略研究"(2017-ZD-10)
关键词
量子密钥分发
无条件安全性
现实条件安全性
纠缠分发
量子中继
quantum key distribution
unconditional security
practical security
entanglement distribution
quantum repeaters
作者简介
通讯作者:王向斌,清华大学物理系,教授,主要研究方向为量子信息科学;E-mail:xbwang@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn
