摘要
孟子提出的"格君心之非"是儒臣以文化权力制约皇权的政治原则,宋代经筵制度的确立为儒臣将此原则付诸政治实践提供了制度上的保证。在明代,经筵制度得到完善,虽然在制约皇权方面未能取得实质成功,但绝大多数君主并未否定儒臣通过经筵制约皇权的文化权力,儒臣在道德领域内也尊于君主。明世宗在主观认识上否定儒臣的文化权力,但海瑞与世宗的博弈表明,儒臣仍然保持着道德上尊于君主的地位。清代在一定程度上接受了儒家政治文化,但康熙中期以后,经筵制度变成了君主训导儒臣的制度,儒臣的进谏也无法在利用文化权力制约皇权方面有所作为,皇权兼并了道德观念上的文化权力。文化权力从儒臣转到君主,是明清皇权的实质性变化所在。
"Correcting error of emperor′s heart"by Mencius was the political principle that the Confucian officials restricted the imperial power by the cultural power.Jingyan,established in the Song Dynasty,provided the institutional guarantee for the Confucian officials putting this into political practice.Jingyan was perfected in the Ming dynasty.Although it failed to achieve substantial success in restricting the imperial power,the majority of emperors did not deny the cultural power that Confucian officials restricted the imperial power through Jingyan,and Confucian officials also respected the emperors in the field of morality.Jajing Emperor denied the cultural power of the Confucianism in the subjective understanding.But the game between Hai Rui and Jiajing Emperor showed that the Confu?cian officials still respected the emperors in the field of morality.The Confucian political culture was accepted to a certain extent in the Qing Dynasty.However,Jingyan became the system with which the emperors instructed the Confucian officials,and the admonishing of the Confucian officials could not make effects in the field of restricting the imperial power through cultural power after the middle period of Kangxi.It meant that the imperial power annexed the cultural power of the moral concept of the Confucian officials.The transforma?tion of cultural power from the Confucian officials to the emperors was the substantial change of the imperial power from Ming to Qing Dynasties.
出处
《中州学刊》
CSSCI
北大核心
2018年第11期121-127,共7页
Academic Journal of Zhongzhou
关键词
明清皇权
文化权力
格君心之非
imperial power from the Ming to Qing dynasties
cultural power
correct error of emperor′s heart
作者简介
周兴,男,西南大学历史文化学院博士生(重庆400715)。
