摘要
为筛选玉米适宜机械粒收的鉴定指标,以20个玉米品种为材料,测定收获期主要农艺性状、茎秆性状和机收性状等指标,对不同玉米品种机收质量进行评价,并以机收质量为基础,采用灰色关联度和逐步回归分析,探讨植株性状与机械粒收质量的关系。结果表明:不同玉米品种间机械粒收质量指标差异显著,收获期平均含水率为31.81%,平均破碎率大于8%,多数品种的杂质率和产量损失率都在国家标准的范围(分别为小于8%、小于5%)之内。杂质率变化幅度较大,破碎率和产量损失率变化幅度较小。其中,先玉1171、爱农001、新中玉801和仲玉3号的杂质率、破碎率和产量损失率相对较低,适合推广机械粒收。籽粒含水率与杂质率、破碎率、产量损失率均呈显著正相关。通过灰色关联度和逐步回归分析,多项性状指标显著影响机收质量,除了籽粒含水率之外,株高、茎粗、穗位高、茎秆压碎强度、穗轴压碎强度、穗下倒折率、倒伏率、空秆率、穗轴含水率、茎秆含水率、苞叶含水率和叶片含水率也可以作为玉米机械粒收质量的鉴定指标。西南地区玉米收获期籽粒含水率和破碎率偏高是玉米机械粒收存在的主要问题,应该适当推迟收获期或者选择早熟品种。
In order to screen out the identification index of suitable mechanical grain harvest of maize,20 maize varieties were used as experimental materials,the main agronomic traits,stem traits and traits of harvesting were measured,and the quality of different maize varieties was evaluated.Based on the quality of machine harvest,the relationship between plant traits and mechanical grain quality was analyzed using gray correlation and stepwise regression.The results showed that there were significant differences in mechanical grain yield indicators among different maize varieties.The average water content during harvest was 31.81%,and the average breaking rate was more than 8%.The impurity rate and yield loss rate of most varieties were within the national standard(less than 8%and 5%respectively).The impurity rate varied greatly,and the change of the rate of breakage and yield loss production was small.Among them,Xianyu 1171,Ainong 001,Xinzhongyu 801 and Zhongyu 3 showed relatively low impurity rate,breaking rate and yield loss rate,which were suitable for promoting mechanical grain harvest.There was a significant positive correlation between grain moisture content and impurity rate,breaking rate and yield loss rate.Through gray correlation and stepwise regression analysis,multiple traits significantly affected the quality of mechanical grain harvest.In addition to grain moisture content,plant height,stem diameter,ear height,stem crush strength,cob crush strength,and the rate of under ear lodging,lodging rate,empty stalk rate,water content of cob,sap moisture content,water content of eucalyptus leaves and water content of leaves can be used as indicators for the determination of suitable mechanical granules for maize.The high grain moisture content and breakage rate during maize harvest in Southwest China is the main problem of maize mechanical harvesting.The harvest period should be postponed or the early maturing varieties should be selected.
作者
杨锦越
宋碧
罗英舰
张军
刘婕
杨翠
段家美
YANG Jinyue;SONG Bi;LUO Yingjian;ZHANG Jun;LIU Jie;YANG Cui;DUAN Jiamei(College of Agronomy,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,China)
出处
《河南农业科学》
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第11期25-31,共7页
Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences
基金
国家重点研发计划粮食丰产增效科技创新专项(2016YFD0300307)
公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201503127)
贵州大学作物栽培学与耕作学研究生创新基地研究生创新基金项目(贵大作栽研CXJJ[2018]001)
贵州省作物学省级重点学科建设计划项目(黔学位合字ZDXK[2014]8号)
贵州省生物学一流学科建设项目(GNYL[2017]009)
贵州省普通高等学校粮油作物遗传改良与生理生态特色重点实验室(黔教合KY字[2015]333)
关键词
玉米
机械粒收
机收质量
鉴定指标
Maize
Grain mechanical harvest
Mechanically harvesting qualities
Identification indicator
作者简介
杨锦越(1989-),男,贵州毕节人,在读硕士研究生,研究方向:作物高产理论与技术。E-mail:yjy8070@126.com。*;通讯作者:宋碧(1972-),女,贵州贵阳人,教授,硕士,主要从事作物高产理论与技术研究。E-mail:sb6264@126.com。
