摘要
以烤烟品种K326为材料,设置D1(16 592株·hm^(-2))、D2(18 182株·hm^(-2))、D3(20 202株·hm^(-2))3个种植密度处理,采用^(15)N标记技术,研究烤烟对氮素吸收与分配的特点,以及种植密度的调节效应,结果表明:圆顶期烟株各部位吸收的肥料氮(Ndff)比例表现为下部叶>中部叶>茎秆>上部叶>根系,说明在圆顶期烟株下部叶和中部叶对来自肥料的^(15)N的征调能力较强,但随着烟株的发育和成熟衰老,各部位对肥料氮的吸收征调能力逐渐下降。种植密度对烟株不同部位的Ndff比例具有显著影响,增加种植密度提高了圆顶期各部位的Ndff比例,但到了中后期,随着种植密度增大,烟株的Ndff比例明显下降,表明种植密度过大,不利于烟株生育中后期维持对氮素的征调能力。烟株各部位的^(15)N分配率,圆顶期表现为下部叶>中部叶>上部叶>茎秆>根系,烟株吸收的^(15)N平均76.95%分配到叶片、15.36%分配到茎秆、7.68%分配到根系,表明在生长发育前期烟株吸收的^(15)N大部分向叶片分配,在D2处理的种植密度下烟株圆顶期^(15)N向根、茎的分配率较高,有利于根、茎发育,形成健壮植株;在下部、中部叶片成熟采收后,叶片中的^(15)N分配率降低,根、茎中的^(15)N分配率上升,但直到生育后期仍以叶片的分配率较高。总体上氮肥利用率随着生育进程而降低,但各个时期均以D2处理的氮肥利用率最高,生育后期D2处理、D3处理之间的差异不显著。在试验设置的种植密度处理中,随着种植密度增大,烟叶产量增加,但上等烟的比例明显降低,以D2处理的单位面积产值最高,其后依次为D3处理和D1处理,说明适宜的种植密度为18 182株·hm^(-2),其对氮肥的利用率,以及烤烟品质和生产效益均较高。
Characteristics of nitrogen absorption,utilization and distribution as well as effect of planting density,of flue-cured tobacco were studied using a 15 N tracer.The experiment employed K326(a cultivar of Nicotiana tabacum)for the cultivation with 3 planting densities,i.e.,D 1(16 592 plants·hm-2),D 2(18 182 plants·hm-2)and D 3(20 202 plants·hm-2).The results showed that nitrogen derived from fertilizer(Ndff,%)in different parts of a plant was in the order of lower leaves>middle leaves>stem>upper leaves>roots at round top stage.It was indicated that lower and middle leaves had higher ability to absorb and transport nitrogen fertilizer.However,with the development and maturity of tobacco plants,the ability of various parts to absorb and transport nitrogen fertilizer was gradually reduced.Planting density had significant effect on the Ndff ratio in different parts of the tobacco plant.Increment of planting density increased the proportion of Ndff in all parts at round top stage.However,in the middle and late period,with the increase of planting density,the Ndff ratio of tobacco plants decreased significantly,indicating that when the planting density was too large,it was not conducive to maintain the ability to absorb nitrogen in the late growth stage of tobacco plants.The 15 N distribution rate of different parts was in the order of lower leaves>middle leaves>upper leaves>stem>roots at round top stage.On average,76.95%of 15 N were shown in leaves,15.36%in the stems,and 7.68%in the roots.Harvesting the lower and middle leaves decreased the proportion of 15 N in the leaves while increased those in the stems and roots.Comparatively,the 15 N distribution to the roots and stem was higher than to the leaves under D 2 resulting in a stronger plants.The nitrogen utilization efficiency(NUE)of flue-cured tobacco decreased as the plant aged.NUE of plants grown under D 2 was the highest in various periods among all treatments,but the difference between D 2 and D 3 was not significant in the late growth period.As the planting density was raised,the tobacco leaf yield increased,but the percentage of high-grade leaves decreased significantly.The output value per unit area of D 2 was the highest,followed by D 3 and D 1.
作者
兰盼龙
杜兴良
赵会杰
张皓凡
李华
蒲文宣
简永兴
王东
汪耀富
LAN Pan-long;DU Xing-liang;ZHAO Hui-jie;ZHANG Hao-fan;LI Hua;PU Wen-xuan;JIAN Yong-xing;WANG Dong;WANG Yao-fu(College of Life Sciences,He′nan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou,He′nan 450002,China;China Tobacco Hu′nan Industrial Co.Ltd.,Changsha,Hu′nan 410007,China)
出处
《福建农业学报》
CAS
北大核心
2018年第9期924-929,共6页
Fujian Journal of Agricultural Sciences
基金
湖南中烟工业有限责任公司科技项目(KY2016YC0002
KY2014JD0002)
关键词
烤烟
15N示踪技术
肥料氮
土壤氮
种植密度
氮素吸收
分配利用
flue-cured tobacco
15 N tracer
nitrogen derived from fertilizer
nitrogen derived from soil
planting densith
nitrogen absorption
distribution and utilization
作者简介
兰盼龙(1993-),男,硕士研究生,主要从事作物栽培生理研究(E-mail:1045727098@qq.com);通讯作者:赵会杰(1958-),男,博士,教授,主要从事植物生理研究(E-mail:1050312132@qq.com);通讯作者:汪耀富(1964-),男,博士,教授,主要从事烟草栽培生理研究(E-mail:yaofuwang@163.com)。
