摘要
气凝胶材料是一种具有低密度、高孔隙率、高比表面积、低折射率、低介电常数等特性的纳米多孔材料,在航空航天、石油化工、环境处理、建筑保温、能量储存与转化等领域具有广泛的应用价值。重点介绍了国内外二氧化硅基气凝胶和有机气凝胶的组成、结构、制备和性能方面所取得的突破性进展,其中二氧化硅基气凝胶主要从耐高温气凝胶、疏水气凝胶和低成本气凝胶3方面进行论述,有机气凝胶主要包括聚合物基有机气凝胶和生物质基有机气凝胶。综述了气凝胶材料在绝热和吸附领域的最新研究和应用,最后对气凝胶材料未来的发展方向进行了展望。
Aerogels have many unique properties,such as low bulk density,high porosity,high specific surface area,low refractive index and low dielectric constant,etc.Therefore,aerogels have many promising applications in many fields such as aerospace,industry,environmental protection,building energy saving,energy storage and conversion,etc.In this paper,the representative studies and research progress of aerogel fabrication,development and applications with respect to silica-based aerogels and organic aerogels are provided.Silica-based aerogels include high-temperature aerogels,hydrophobic aerogels and cost-effective aerogels,while organic aerogels can be classified as polymer-based organic aerogel and biomass-based organic aerogels.The research advances on aerogel-based thermal insulations and adsorbents are summarized.The prospects of aerogel application development are also reviewed in this paper.
作者
沈晓冬
吴晓栋
孔勇
崔升
SHEN Xiaodong;WU Xiaodong;KONG Yong;CUI Sheng(College of Materials Science and Engineering,Nanjing Tech University,Nanjing 210009,China;Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Inorganic Function Composites,Nanjing 210009,China;Key Laboratory of Aerogel Based Building Materials,Nanjing 210009,China)
出处
《中国材料进展》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第9期671-680,共10页
Materials China
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(51602151)
江苏省自然科学基金项目(BK20161003)
江苏省高校自然科学研究面上项目(16KJB430014)
中国博士后基金特别资助项目(2018T110490)
江苏省高校优秀学科建设工程项目(PAPD)
关键词
气凝胶
隔热材料
建筑材料
CO2吸附
纳米材料
aerogel
thermal insulation
building materials
CO 2 adsorption
nano materials
作者简介
沈晓冬,男,1964年生,教授,博士生导师,Email:xdshen@njtech.edu.cn。
