摘要
为查明剑麻的水土保持效应,以金沙江干热河谷作为研究区域,通过径流小区定位观测法,分别观测了10°和20°坡面上种植剑麻的产流产沙特征。结果表明:(1)元谋县2014—2016年,年均降雨量为659.46 mm,年均降雨天数为82天。(2)三年间10°剑麻地和裸地平均径流深分别为101.91±7.56 mm和236.70±9.06 mm,剑麻地比裸地减少56.95%; 20°剑麻地和裸地平均径流深分别为152.78±8.12 mm和252.20±10.47 mm,剑麻地比裸地减少39.42%。(3) 2014—2016年,10°剑麻地平均径流系数仅为0.23±0.17,裸地为0.50±0.17,剑麻地比裸地减少了54.00%; 20°的剑麻地与裸地平均径流系数分别为0.36±0.16和0.53±0.17,两者相比减少32.08%。综上所述,剑麻不仅拥有明显的拦沙作用,其截流效应也十分显著,在金沙江干热河谷区表现出良好的水土保持效应。(4)观测期间10°坡面上剑麻地和裸地的平均土壤侵蚀模数分别为355.27±31.86 t/(km^2.a)和1788.68±153.11 t/(km^2.a),剑麻地相比裸地减少80.14%; 20°坡面上剑麻地平均土壤侵蚀模数为2023.29±189.22t/(km^2.a),裸地为4506.14±362.70 t/(km^2.a),两者相比减少55.10%。
In this study,effects of Agave americana on soil and water conservation of slope were studied by the runoff plot positioning observation method using 10°and 20°runoff plot in the dry-hot valley of Jinsha River.The result showed that the annual rainfall was 659.46 mm and the rainfall days were 82 d in Yuanmou.The annual soil erosion modulus in the 10°bare land was estimated at 1788.68±153.11 t/(km 2.a)during 2014 to 2016 and the same slope of Agave americana land was 355.27±31.86 t/(km 2.a).Compared to the bare land,there was a decrease of 80.14%in the Agave americana land.For the slope of 20°,the annual soil erosion modulus in the bare land was 4506.14±362.70 t/(km 2.a),while that of the Agave americana land was 2023.29±189.22 t/(km 2.a).Planting Agave americana reduced the amount of sediment by 55.10%.The average runoff depth of different slopes was also significantly different in three years.On the slope of 10°,bare land was 236.70±9.06 mm and Agave americana land was 101.91±7.56 mm.The average runoff depth in the 10°Agave americana land was 56.95%less than that of bare land.The average runoff depth in the 20°bare land and Agave americana land were estimated at 252.20±10.47mm and 152.78±8.12 mm,respectively.The average runoff depth in the 20°Agave americana land was 39.42%less than that of bare land.During the monitoring time,the average runoff coefficient of bare land with a slope of 10°was 0.50±0.17 and same slope of Agave americana land was 0.23±0.17,indicating that the average runoff coefficient of 10°Agave americana land was 54.00%less than that of bare land.For 20°slope,the average runoff coefficients were estimated at 0.53±0.17 and 0.36±0.16 in the bare land and the Agave americana land,respectively,which demonstrated that the average runoff coefficient of 20°Agave americana land was 32.08%lower than bare land.These results indicated that the Agave americana exhibited a preferable effect on the soil and water conservation in the dry-hot valley of Jinsha River.
作者
何周窈
苏正安
熊东红
王勇
杨鸿琨
HE Zhouyao;SU Zheng an;XIONG Donghong;WANG Yong;YANG Hongkun(Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Earth Surface processes&Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Chengdu,Sichuan 610041,China;Forestry College,Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu,Sichuan 611130,China;College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering,Ya an,Sichuan 625014,China;School of Science and Technology,Southwest Petroleum University,Chengdu,Sichuan 610500,China)
出处
《山地学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第5期731-739,共9页
Mountain Research
基金
国家重点研发计划(2017YFC0505102)
国家自然科学基金(41401313
41571267
41701324)
国家重大基础研究项目(973项目)(2015CB452704)~~
关键词
干热河谷
剑麻
产流产沙
径流系数
水土保持效应
dry-hot valley
Agave Americana
runoff and soil loss
runoff coefficient
soil and water conservation effect
作者简介
何周窈(1994—),女,四川雅安人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为植被恢复和生态效益。E-mail:thezhouyaom@163.com.;通讯作者:苏正安(1980—),男,四川江油人,博士,硕士生导师,主要从事土壤侵蚀和水土保持研究。E-mail:suzhengan@imde.ac.cn.
