摘要
通过野外简易径流小区的放水冲刷试验,研究北京山区河岸带不同植被类型水土保持效果差异。试验设计4,6,8L/min 3种上方来水流量以及6种植被类型小区坡面,冲刷历时31min,试验过程收集径流泥沙样,分析不同径流小区的产流产沙特征。结果表明:(1)各植被类型小区平均总产流产沙量(43.29L/m^2,0.71kg/m^2)均显著小于裸坡下平均总产流产沙量(65.86L/m^2,3.21kg/m^2)(p<0.05)。植被具有明显的减流减沙效益,且减沙效益(78.66%)大于减流效益(36.16%);(2)不同植被类型间减流减沙效果不同,随着放水流量的上升,坡面产流速率、产沙速率不断上升,其中以狗牙根小区平均产流速率(6.16L/min)、平均产沙速率(55.50g/min)最小,水土保持效益较好;(3)不同植被类型小区稳定入渗速率差异显著(p<0.05),均大于裸坡条件下的稳定入渗速率(42mm/h),其中以狗牙根小区坡面的径流稳定入渗速率最大(129.0mm/h)。综上所述,植被具有明显的蓄水保土效益,且不同的植被类型间减流减沙效果差异显著。研究结果为北京山区河岸带进行生态环境安全建设以及生态修复提供了基础理论依据,并且为河岸边坡的植被修复物种选择提供了参考依据。
Through the water discharge scour test in field simple runoff plot,soil and water conservation benefits of different vegetation types in the riparian of Beijing mountain area were explored.3 kinds of flow discharge and 6 different vegetation types were designed,and the test lasted 31 min.Runoff and sediment samples during the experiment were cllocted to analyze the characteristics of runoff and sediment production in different runoff plots.The results showed that:(1)The average total amount of runoff and sediment(43.29 L/m 2,0.71 kg/m 2)were significantly lower than those on the bare slope(65.86 L/m 2,3.21 kg/m 2)(p<0.05).Vegetation was benificial for reduction runoff and sediment production,and the benefits of sediment reduction(78.66%)were significantly greater than runoff reduction(36.16%);(2)Soil and water conservation benefits were significant difference among different vegetation types.Specificially,the average flow rate(6.16 L/min)and the average sediment production rate(55.50 g/min)of bermudagrass slope was the smallest among different vegetation slopes,and the benefits of soil and water conservation was the best.(3)Stable infiltration rates were significantly difference among different vegetation types(p<0.05),both were larger than the stable infiltration rate under bare slope conditions.Among them,the stable infiltration rate of bermudagrass was the highest(129.0 mm/h).In summary,vegetation had obvious soil and water conservation benefits,and there were significant differences among different vegetation types.The results provide a theoretical basis for the construction of ecological environment and the ecological restoration of riparian in Beijing mountain area,and also provide a reference for species selection for vegetation restoration.
作者
夏晓平
信忠保
赵云杰
孔庆仙
XIA Xiaoping;XIN Zhongbao;ZHAO Yunjie;KONG Qingxian(School of Soil and Conservation,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083;Beijing Engineering Research Center of Soil and Water Conservation,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083)
出处
《水土保持学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第5期71-77,83,共8页
Journal of Soil and Water Conservation
基金
中央高校基本科研业务费专项(2017ZY02)
北京市科技计划项目“怀柔小流域河岸带生态恢复技术研究”(Z151100001115001)
关键词
河岸
径流
泥沙
植被
riparian
runoff
sediment
vegetation
作者简介
第一作者:夏晓平(1993—),男,硕士研究生,主要从事流域治理规划研究。E-mail:xia3079@163.com;通信作者:信忠保(1978—),男,副教授,主要从事生态水文研究。E-mail:xinzhongbao@126.com
