摘要
为了解大亚湾海域鱼类资源数量的时空分布特征,2015—2016年利用底拖网对大亚湾海域开展了4个航次渔业资源调查。研究结果表明:大亚湾海域鱼类资源密度存在明显的季节变化。鱼类资源尾数密度和质量密度均以夏季最高,冬季最低,而春秋季略有不同。其中,鱼类资源尾数密度以夏季最高(106 574ind/km2),春季次之(17 361ind/km2),冬季最低(4 615ind/km2),而秋季为12 702ind/km2;鱼类资源质量密度以夏季最高(632.62kg/km2),秋季次之(344.90kg/km2),冬季最低(115.39kg/km2),而春季为156.02kg/km2。其中,秋季鱼类平均体质量最大(27g),夏季最小(6g),春季和冬季分别为9和24g。从空间分布上看,鱼类资源尾数密度分布特征表现为湾中部海域最高(72 273ind/km2),沿岸海域次之(50 905ind/km2),湾口海域最低(18 074ind/km2);而鱼类资源质量密度分布特征则是沿岸海域最高(673.90kg/km2),湾中部海域次之(404.24kg/km2),湾口海域最低(170.78kg/km2)。其中,沿岸海域鱼类平均个体质量为11.4g,湾中部海域为8.1g,而湾口海域为10.8g,这与各区域栖息环境、鱼类组成和捕捞压力有关。当前,大亚湾海域鱼类群落结构组成以斑鰶(Clupanodon punctatus)、竹荚鱼(Trachurus japonicus)、黄鳍马面鲀(Thamnaconus hypargyreus)、短吻鲾(Leiognathus brevirostris)等小型鱼类为主。与历史调查资料相比发现,近30多年来大亚湾鱼类资源数量呈显著下降趋势。本次调查鱼类资源密度为312.23kg/km2,低于1985年(42 317.49kg/km2)、1992年(3 414.20kg/km2)和2003—2004年(5 033.33kg/km2)。鱼类平均个体质量为9g,低于1985年(18g)、2003—2004年(10.09g),鱼类群落结构明显呈现小型化和低质化趋势,这种变化主要是由过度捕捞开发、栖息地破坏因素引起的,也反映了海洋生态环境对人类活动干扰的某种适应性响应。
The structure of fish community has experienced great pressure from both human activities and environmental changes.In order to understand the tempo-spatial distributions of fish resources in Daya Bay,we conducted four surveys on the fishery resources in Daya Bay by the underlying single trawl during 2015 and 2016.The surveyed results showed that there existed obvious differences in the seasonal variations in the density of fish resources.Individual density of fish resources was highest in summer(106 574 ind./km 2),followed by those in spring(17 361 ind./km 2)and autumn(12 702 ind./km 2),while that in winter was lowest(4 615 ind./km 2).Mass density of fish resources in summer was highest(632.62 kg/km 2),followed by those in autumn(344.90 kg/km 2)and spring(156.02 kg/km 2),while that in winter(115.39 kg/km 2)was lowest.Among them,the average weight of fish in autumn was highest(27 g),followed by those in winter(24 g)and spring(9 g),while that in summer(6 g)was lowest.In term of spatial distribution,individual density of fish resources in the middle of the bay was highest(72 273 ind./km 2),followed by that in the coastal waters(50 905.13 ind./km 2),while that in the mouth of the bay was lowest(18 074 ind./km 2).In term of the spatial distribution of mass density of fish resources,mass density was highest in the coastal waters(673.90 kg/km 2),followed by that in the middle of the bay(404.24 kg/km 2),while that in the mouth of the bay was lowest(170.78 kg/km 2).The average body weight of fishes was 11.4 g in the coastal waters,8.1 g in the middle of the bay and 10.8 g in the mouth of the bay.The spatial difference in,average body weight of fishes is likely related to the habitat environment,fish composition and fishing pressure.Currently,the fish community structure in Daya Bay is mainly consisted of Clupanodon punctatus,Trachurus japonicus,Thamnaconus hypargyreus,Leiognathus brevirostris and other small fishes.Compared with the historically surveyed data,the density of fish resources was 312.23 kg/km 2,which was substantially lower than those in 1985(42 317.49 kg/km 2),1992(3 414.20 kg/km 2)and 2003-2004(5 033.33 kg/km 2).In the past 30 years,the number of fish resources in Daya Bay has decreased significantly.The average individual body weight of fish was 9g,which was lower than those in 1985(18 g)and 2003-2004(10.09 g).The composition of fish community shift from large size fish in 30 years ago to small fish,which have become predominant nowadays.There existed a trend of miniaturization and low-quality in the structure of fish community in Daya Bay.These changes may have been mainly caused by overfishing and the damage of habitat environment and also reflect the adaptive responses to certain extend of the marine ecological environment to the disturbance of human activities.
作者
郭建忠
陈作志
许友伟
徐姗楠
李纯厚
GUO Jian-Zhong;CHEN Zuo-Zhi;XU You-Wei;XU Shan-Nan;LI Chun-Hou(Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation&Utilization,Ministry of Agriculture;Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment,Guangdong Province;South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Guangzhou 510300,China;National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China)
出处
《中国海洋大学学报（自然科学版）》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第12期47-55,共9页
Periodical of Ocean University of China
基金
国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2015CB452904)
广东省自然科学基金项目(2015A030313785)
公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201403008)
国家自然科学基金项目(31100362)资助。
关键词
大亚湾
鱼类资源
时空分布
小型化
Daya Bay
fish resources
tempo-spatial distribution
miniaturization
作者简介
郭建忠(1990-),男,硕士生,主要从事海洋生物学研究。E-mail:1115982121@qq.com;徐姗楠,通讯作者:E-mail:xushannan@scsfri.ac.cn。
